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<p style="">Rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrhea in children, especially in young children under 5 years old. More than half of pediatric patients admitted to the hospital suffer from diarrhea caused by rotavirus. However, parents can actually prevent this disease by taking care of their child&#8217;s hygiene and bringing them to get vaccinated.</p>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">“Rotavirus” the main culprit… causing diarrhea in young children</h2>
<p style="">Rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrhea in children, especially in young children under 5 years old. This virus has many strains, so patients have a chance of reinfection. However, subsequent infections are usually less severe than the first. This virus can spread throughout the year and is more common during cold weather, such as in winter.</p>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">How is rotavirus transmitted?</h2>
<p style="">Transmission occurs through direct ingestion of rotavirus into the mouth. The virus may contaminate hands, objects, utensils, or toys, as well as food and water. Additionally, the virus can survive on hands and in the environment for a long time, making it easy to spread and cause outbreaks.</p>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">If your child has these symptoms… you should take them to see a doctor</h2>
<p style="">Most patients initially experience vomiting, followed by watery diarrhea lasting 3-7 days. About one-third of patients have a high fever and may have seizures. For young children or those with weakened immune systems, symptoms can be severe, leading to dehydration, electrolyte loss, low blood pressure, shock, and even death. In adults infected with rotavirus, most have no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, severe illness can also occur.</p>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">How do we know if a child is infected with rotavirus?</h2>
<p style="">The symptoms and stool characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea are not specific, so it cannot be distinguished from other causes of diarrhea without laboratory stool testing to detect rotavirus.</p>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">How to treat diarrhea</h2>
<p style="">Currently, there is no specific medication for rotavirus. Treatment is supportive and symptom-based. If symptoms are mild, oral intake is possible. Oral rehydration solutions may be given to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Anti-vomiting and fever-reducing medications can be used. If lactase enzyme deficiency is detected, switching to lactose-free milk may be considered.</p>
<p style="">Antibiotics are not necessary because they cannot kill the virus and may cause antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. If there is high fever, severe vomiting, inability to eat, weakness, or lethargy, take the child to see a doctor immediately. Patients with severe dehydration need hospitalization for intravenous fluid replacement.</p>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">Prevention of rotavirus infection</h2>
<p style="">Promote good hygiene by frequently washing hands with soap, especially before eating and after defecation or diaper changes. Clean toys regularly. Avoid sharing eating utensils. Avoid taking children to crowded places where they play together during outbreaks. Additionally, breastfeeding may help reduce the severity of rotavirus diarrhea.</p>
<p style="">However, even with good hygiene, rotavirus infection can still occur because a small amount of the virus can cause disease, and the virus can survive in the environment for a long time, making prevention difficult. Therefore, the best method is to prepare children’s immunity by vaccinating against rotavirus from infancy.</p>
<p style="">The vaccine is about 85-98% effective in preventing severe rotavirus infection. It is very safe with few side effects, such as mild diarrhea or vomiting, which are not severe. Although there have been reports of intussusception after vaccination, it occurs very rarely at a rate of about 1-5 cases per 100,000 doses. This condition is treatable. Considering the benefits of the vaccine in preventing disease, the benefits outweigh the very rare side effects. The World Health Organization recommends that all young children receive this vaccine starting at 2 months of age, along with other age-appropriate vaccines. Children who have completed the rotavirus vaccination series may still get rotavirus diarrhea, but symptoms are usually less severe.</p>
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<p>  <a href="https://www.phyathai.com/doctor_detail/6F71130A-9517-40B6-B72B-E51D78DFB24D/">Dr. Renuka Charaspongpisut</a><br />
 Pediatric Infectious Disease Specialist<br />
 Child Health Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital  <br />
	Phone 02-617-2444 ext. 3219-3220<br />
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Rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrhea in children, especially in young children under 5 years old. Hygiene care and vaccination can help prevent it.

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Acute diarrhea caused by rotavirus can be prevented by vaccination.

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