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儿童听力损失的发生频率比大多数人想象的要高，约有4/1,000 名儿童 出生时即有听力损失，到12岁时约有20%的儿童会出现听力损失。
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所有的发展都始于清晰的声音，因为听到的声音促进学习和交流，这是儿童各方面发展的重要基础。 
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影响儿童听力损失的风险因素包括家族中有听力障碍或言语不清的历史，孕期母亲感染，早产，低体重，黄疸，某些与耳朵相关的感染，使用对内耳有害的药物等。 
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<h2>听力损失的指示信号</h2>
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婴儿期儿童 
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="15" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">对声音无反应，如不惊跳或不转头寻找声音来源 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="15" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">不注视或转向声音方向 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="15" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">不发出咿呀声或模仿声音 </li>
</ul>
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学龄儿童 
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">不遵守指令 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">反复提问或需要重复说话 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">易怒或交流困难 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">说话声音大 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">需要调高电视或电话音量 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">语言和交流发展迟缓 </li>
<li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="16" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1080,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">学习困难，跟不上课程进度 </li>
</ul>
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儿童听力损失筛查极为重要，以便及时诊断和治疗，有助于儿童语言及其他方面的发展。 
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<h2>听力评估</h2>
1. 纯音听力测试（Pure-tone Testing）
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="0" data-aria-level="1">评估听力能力，测定各频率下最轻可听声音的阈值。纯音测试包括两种传导方式： </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">空气传导测试（Air Conduction Testing），通过耳机传导声音，在隔音室内进行测试。 </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="2" data-aria-level="1">骨传导测试（Bone Conduction Testing），通过在耳后或额头放置小型设备进行听力测试。 </li>
</ul>
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2. 言语听力测试（Speech Testing）
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="3" data-aria-level="1">此测试与纯音测试结合使用，评估听力能力及根据听力水平的言语理解能力。 </li>
</ul>
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3. 中耳功能测试（Tests of Middle Ear）
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="4" data-aria-level="1">测量鼓膜及中耳对气压和响声的反应，如鼓膜穿孔、中耳积液或感染、中耳压力调节管功能异常等。 </li>
</ul>
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4. 脑干听觉诱发电位测试（Auditory Brainstem Response，ABR）
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="5" data-aria-level="1">评估内耳与大脑之间的神经传导。测试时将柔软的泡沫耳机放入耳道，并在额头、耳后或耳垂贴上电极，记录对声音刺激的脑电反应，结果通过计算机分析。适用于无法进行纯音测试或耳声发射测试（OAE）未通过的儿童。 </li>
</ul>
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5. 耳声发射测试（Otoacoustic Emissions Test，OAE）
<ul>
<li data-leveltext="-" data-font="Tahoma" data-listid="20" data-list-defn-props="{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1800,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}" data-aria-posinset="6" data-aria-level="1">检测内耳功能，通过测量内耳毛细胞对声音的反射。测试时将带有柔软橡胶头的探头放入耳道，发出信号并测量反射声波。听力受损者内耳毛细胞功能异常，结果会显示在检测仪屏幕上。 </li>
</ul>
 
儿童及青少年的听力损失影响其发展
应进行筛查以发现信号并及早干预，预防听力损失
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不要等到“声音”从孩子的发展中消失 
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如果您发现孩子有可能表明听力问题的行为，无论是对声音无反应、语言发育迟缓或学习困难，建议尽快由专科医生进行评估。帕亚泰医院2拥有耳鼻喉科专家团队和先进的诊断设备，确保您的孩子从一开始就得到精准的照护。 
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因为每一个声音都是重要发展的起点，不要让沉默成为未来的障碍

留意孩子是否有听力损失的迹象，以免错失发展良机！儿童听力损失很常见，会影响语言、学习和长期发育。请及时前往帕亚泰二号医院，由配备精准听力测试设备的专家进行筛查，以便及时治疗。

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儿童听力损失的警告信号：儿童听力问题……及早发现，及时治疗！

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