Anyone can develop pterygium, especially those who live or work outdoors where there is strong sunlight or high ultraviolet radiation. Frequent exposure to wind and dust in the eyes also increases the risk. Therefore, we should reduce the risk by understanding the causes, prevention, and treatment if this condition occurs.
Pterygium
Pterygium is a fibrous tissue growth on the conjunctiva, characterized by a triangular-shaped tissue that gradually grows and spreads slowly onto the cornea. When it progresses to the center of the cornea, it can cover the pupil, causing blurred vision and obstructing sight. It causes discomfort and may lead to astigmatism because the tissue presses on the cornea. If inflammation occurs, causing swelling and redness, it will cause eye irritation. Pterygium is usually found more often on the nasal side of the eye than the temporal side.
Causes of Pterygium
It is caused by ultraviolet light that degenerates the conjunctiva in that area as age increases. It commonly occurs in people who work outdoors exposed to wind, sunlight, and dust, or those working in industries involving metal welding. Pterygium is more common in countries located near the equator because the sunlight is hotter and ultraviolet radiation is higher than in other parts of the world.
Symptoms of Pterygium
- Eye irritation, burning sensation, tearing, redness, and itching
- Blurred vision or double vision if the pterygium grows onto the cornea. It presses on the cornea, causing changes in vision or blocking the pupil, leading to blurred vision
Treatment and Prevention of Pterygium
- Wear sunglasses, hats, or use umbrellas when outdoors
- An ophthalmologist may consider prescribing eye drops to relieve inflammation caused by pterygium
- Surgical removal of the pterygium in cases where it has significantly grown onto the cornea. The procedure involves removing the pterygium and grafting tissue to replace the removed area to reduce the chance of recurrence. The new tissue can be taken from the patient’s own conjunctiva or from the amniotic membrane
The eyes are important organs, so they should not be neglected. Regular eye check-ups with an ophthalmologist at least once a year and avoiding prolonged exposure to open sunlight or wearing sunglasses in bright sunlight will help preserve eye health and maintain clear vision for a long time.
