Although breast cancer is a disease that many people think occurs only in women, in reality, men can also develop breast cancer , accounting for only about 1% of all breast cancer cases. What makes this disease dangerous for men is that it is often detected at an advanced stage because many do not consider themselves at risk and tend to ignore the small warning signs that occur.
‘Breast Cancer in Men’ – What Causes It?
Breast cancer in men is caused by abnormal breast cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors. If left untreated, these cells may spread to lymph nodes in the armpit and other organs, just like in women.
The exact cause is still unclear, but several factors increase the risk, such as genetics, older age, hormonal imbalances, exposure to chest radiation as well as lifestyle behaviors such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and being overweight.
Warning Signs Men Should Not Ignore
One of the problems with diagnosing breast cancer in men is that early symptoms are often unclear. The lumps that form are usually small and painless, causing many to overlook abnormalities. However, if you notice any of these symptoms, you should promptly see a doctor for a thorough examination.
- A hard lump or abnormal thickening of breast tissue
- Nipple inversion, retraction, or change in shape
- Blood or fluid discharge from the nipple
- Redness, swelling, or thickening of the skin over the breast
- Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit
- Pain or irritation around the breast
Early detection of cancer increases the chance of cure up to 90%
Diagnosis and Treatment
If abnormalities are found, doctors will perform a physical examination and may use advanced technologies such as breast ultrasound (Ultrasound), mammogram (Mammogram) and biopsy (Biopsy) to confirm the diagnosis. Additionally, those with a family history of breast cancer may be advised to undergo BRCA1/BRCA2 gene testing to assess further risk.
Treatment methods for breast cancer in men depend on the stage of the disease and overall health, including
- Mastectomy to remove the tumor or breast
- Radiation Therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence
- Chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells that have spread
- Hormone Therapy for cancers that respond to hormones
- Targeted Therapy to manage cancer cells with specific gene abnormalities
Prevention and Risk Reduction
Although breast cancer cannot be prevented 100% , we can reduce the risk by maintaining proper health care, such as
- Maintain a normal weight
- Exercise regularly
- Avoid alcohol consumption and quit smoking
- Eat a healthy diet focusing on vegetables, fruits, and low-fat protein
- Have annual health check-ups and promptly see a doctor if any lumps are found
Breast cancer in men may be rare, butthe danger is no different from that in women . Late detection reduces the chance of cure. Therefore, all men should take care of their health, observe any breast abnormalities, and undergo regular health screenings, especially those with a family history of breast cancer.
Being aware of the disease and detecting it early is the key to a complete cure and improving long-term quality of life.
Dr. Komol Prechasananok
Breast Cancer Specialist Surgeon
Rak Breast Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital
