In today’s society, Thai men entering the workforce face increasing responsibilities, particularly in a competitive and fast-paced environment.
This often leads to accumulated stress, inadequate rest, late nights, unhealthy eating habits, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking—all of which contribute to long-term health issues.
As men reach their 40s and beyond, they may experience hormonal changes similar to female menopause, known as andropause. Although these changes occur gradually, they can affect physical health, emotional well-being, and sexual function, often leading to a diminished quality of life. Let’s explore the health risks that men may face.
Prostate health risks
The prostate is an organ in the male reproductive system, resembling a chestnut and located beneath the bladder in front of the rectum. It surrounds the upper part of the urethra, connecting the bladder to the urethra, and produces a fluid that helps during sexual intercourse.
The size of the prostate is influenced by male hormones; a deficiency in testosterone or an increase in female hormones can lead to prostate shrinkage. Common prostate-related diseases include:
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Common in men over 40, especially between 50-60 years of age, an enlarged prostate can compress the urethra, causing urinary issues such as frequent nighttime urination, urgency, weak urine flow, or straining during urination.
- Prostate cancer: Typically occurs in men over 50. In its early stages, it often shows no symptoms and can be detected through annual health check-ups or blood tests measuring PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels.
- Prostatitis: This condition involves inflammation and bacterial infection of the prostate, which can occur through the urethra or occasionally through the bloodstream. It is most commonly found in men aged 30-40.
In addition to annual health check-ups and PSA testing, a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) is also an option for prostate assessment. Physicians use this information in conjunction with symptoms and other test results (like blood and urine tests and ultrasound) to diagnose and plan appropriate treatment.
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Major causes include vascular disease, nerve degeneration, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, certain medications, hormonal deficiencies, aging, or a combination of factors.
Recent studies suggest that ED and BPH often share common causes, with more severe BPH correlating with increased instances of ED. This may stem from excessive activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which can constrict smooth muscle in the prostate and blood vessels in the penis. Reduced blood flow to the pelvic organs can lead to ED, along with decreased bladder contractility and nerve degeneration in the penis.
Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction
Treatment for ED is typically multi-step, starting with a thorough physical examination and laboratory tests (e.g., for diabetes, cholesterol levels, liver, and kidney function).
If sexual desire is low or if the testicles are small, testosterone hormone testing may be necessary. Initial treatments may include oral medications or vacuum pumps; if these are ineffective, options may include injections or surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis. Some may choose a combination of methods, such as taking two different oral medications.
Overactive bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by an urgent need to urinate, often leading to frequent bathroom visits or involuntary leakage before reaching the restroom. The exact cause of OAB is not fully understood but is believed to involve overactive bladder wall muscles, which are not necessarily caused by urinary tract infections or abnormal nerve function.
This condition can significantly disrupt daily activities, especially for the elderly, who may experience accidents due to urgency.
Treatment may involve keeping a urinary diary to assist in diagnosis, evaluating the urinary tract, prostate, and nervous system, and performing basic lab tests to rule out infections or stones. Diagnosing OAB is generally straightforward, and with appropriate treatment, normal bladder control can often be restored. Treatment typically includes lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor muscle training, and medications to maximize therapeutic benefits. For those unresponsive to these methods, injections into the bladder wall may be considered to reduce bladder contractions.
Overall, managing water intake and avoiding beverages like tea, coffee, soda, and alcohol can help minimize symptoms, as these can increase urine production and stimulate bladder contractions. Pelvic floor muscle training can enhance bladder control, and practicing only going to the restroom when necessary (rather than in anticipation) is advisable.
