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Prostate cancer is caused by the abnormal growth and division of prostate cells until they form a cancerous tumor. These cancer cells can travel through the bloodstream or lymph nodes to other parts of the body and can attach to other organs such as bones, liver, kidneys, or lungs, eventually damaging and destroying these organs.
Prostate cancer grows slowly and often has no symptoms in the early stages. Additionally, prostate cancer usually does not have clear indicative symptoms. Most symptoms resemble or overlap with those of benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis, which patients often ignore, thinking it is a normal condition of aging. Therefore, this type of cancer is often detected when it is advanced or has spread to other vital organs.
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer</h2>
<ul>
<li>Trans-rectal Ultrasound of the Prostate (TRUS) is an examination using a device inserted through the rectum to examine the characteristics of the prostate gland.</li>
<li>Prostate Biopsy where the doctor removes a tissue sample from the prostate to confirm whether it is cancerous. The tissue is analyzed by a pathologist for accurate differential diagnosis.</li>
<li>Imaging scans of the lower urinary tract, abdomen, and others to observe the characteristics, stage, and spread of prostate cancer, such as CT scan, MRI, or bone scan.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style=" color: #008080;">Stages of Prostate Cancer</h2>
<ul>
<li>Stage 1 or 2 (Early stage) The cancer cells at this stage are confined to the prostate gland and have not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.</li>
<li>Stage 3 (Locally advanced stage) At this stage, the cancer grows outside the prostate and into surrounding tissues such as the seminal vesicles, bladder neck, or nearby lymph nodes, but has not spread to distant organs.</li>
<li>Stage 4 (Metastatic stage) This is the final stage of prostate cancer where cancer cells have spread to lymph nodes, bones, and other organs of the body.</li>
</ul>
Treatment of Prostate Cancer There are various treatment methods depending on the stage of cancer, severity of cellular changes, age, patient’s strength, and quality of life. Sometimes multiple treatments can be combined depending on the medical team, patient, and family consultation and planning to suit each individual case.
<ol>
<ol>
<li style="">Radical prostatectomy is the surgical removal of the entire prostate gland including the seminal vesicles. This can be done through open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or robot-assisted surgery. This surgery is a common treatment for patients with stage 1 or 2 (early stage) prostate cancer who are in good health.</li>
<li style="">Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment to control and kill cancer cells. It can be done in two ways: external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy (implanting radioactive seeds into the prostate tissue). Radiation therapy may be used instead of surgery in early-stage cancer patients who are not healthy enough for surgery or do not want surgery. It is also used for patients with residual prostate cancer cells after surgery or to relieve pain in metastatic cancer that has spread to the bones.</li>
<li style="">Hormonal therapy This treatment aims to stop the production or block the effects of male hormones that cause cancer growth. Blocking the effects of male hormones called &#8220;androgens&#8221; can be done in two ways: using anti-hormone drugs or bilateral orchiectomy (removal of both testicles), which stops prostate cancer growth. Hormonal therapy is often used as an additional treatment after surgery or radiation. In some cases, it is used in locally advanced or metastatic stages.</li>
<li style="">Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer drugs that can reach all parts of the body to kill cancer cells. It is usually used in patients with metastatic cancer resistant to hormonal therapy.</li>
</ol>
</ol>
Close Monitoring of Treatment
Treatment is divided into 2 methods:
<ul>
<li>Active surveillance is a method where doctors monitor the cancer and its growth. Patients must strictly attend scheduled appointments and undergo various tests, including PSA blood tests, aiming to adjust treatment if there are signs of disease progression. Active surveillance is a treatment for localized prostate cancer (stage 1). If the cancer grows outside the prostate and invades other tissues in the lower urinary tract, other treatments are recommended.</li>
<li>Watchful waiting is treatment based on symptoms, aiming to switch to specific treatments only when symptoms appear. Watchful waiting is part of palliative care.</li>
</ul>
In summary, prostate cancer is increasingly common but has no specific symptoms. Waiting for symptoms may result in late detection. Screening for early-stage cancer is recommended when indicated. If detected, there are various treatment options depending on many factors, requiring cooperation among the medical team, patient, and family to choose the most appropriate method for each case.
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<a href="../../../doctor_detail/E28E4998-A345-4D2A-BF7B-1715B898A7A4/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C">[base64_img]</a> <a href="../../../doctor_detail/E28E4998-A345-4D2A-BF7B-1715B898A7A4/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C">Dr. Thanat Thiersukon</a> Urological Surgeon Urology Center Phyathai 3 Hospital, 19th Floor Tel. 0-2467-1111 ext. 1960 – 1961
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Prostate cancer is increasingly common nowadays but has no specific symptoms. Screening to detect early-stage cancer is therefore recommended when there are indications for screening. If detected, there are various treatment options depending on...

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