Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, can arise from various causes, including infections, allergies, and chemical exposure. The most prevalent and easily transmitted type is viral conjunctivitis, primarily caused by adenoviruses, followed by herpesvirus, enterovirus, and coxsackievirus. Transmission occurs through tears via direct contact from hands or contaminated objects to another person’s eyes, or by exposure to dirty water. It does not spread through air or by sharing food. This condition is particularly common during the rainy season and often outbreaks occur in community settings such as schools, daycare centers, workplaces, and swimming pools. Individuals of all ages can be affected, but children are more susceptible due to their lack of preventive measures. However, the severity of the disease is usually mild, and it often resolves on its own.
How to identify symptoms
Symptoms typically manifest about 1-2 days after direct contact with contaminated hands or objects. Patients may experience inflammation and swelling of the conjunctiva covering the inside of the eyelids and the white part of the eye, leading to increased tearing, eye pain, and often the presence of discharge, which can be clear or light yellow due to concurrent bacterial infection. Generally, one eye is affected, but the other may become infected due to lack of precautions. Symptoms are usually most pronounced in the first 4-7 days and can resolve within 7-14 days without complications. Treatment focuses on symptom management and preventing further transmission, as there are currently no specific antiviral medications. If discharge is excessive, the doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops, and if fever or sore throat is present, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic medications may be used.
Preventive measures for conjunctivitis
- Always wash hands with soap and water before touching or rubbing your eyes.
- Avoid close contact with anyone with pink eye; if unavoidable, wash hands after contact.
- Do not share personal items with infected individuals.
- Refrain from touching or scratching your face.
- If dust or dirty water gets in your eyes, rinse them immediately with clean water.
- Prevent flies or other insects from coming into contact with your eyes.
Additionally, maintain cleanliness in personal items such as clothing, towels, bed linens, pillowcases, and handkerchiefs, and avoid sharing these items with others. It is also advisable to refrain from swimming during outbreaks of pink eye.
What to do if symptoms occur
For individuals with pink eye, it is crucial to consult a doctor and take a break from school or work for at least three days to prevent the spread of the infection. Dispose of any tissues or cotton used to wipe discharge in a sealed trash can. Wearing sunglasses can help reduce irritation from light. Avoid using contact lenses until the inflammation has resolved. Ensure plenty of rest, limit eye strain, and wash hands thoroughly after touching your face and eyes.
