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<h3>What is Gender Confirmation Surgery?</h3>
Gender confirmation surgery, or gender affirmation surgery (GAS), is a surgical process that alters the body&#8217;s physical characteristics to align with an individual&#8217;s gender identity. This may include:
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Genital reconstruction surgery</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Orchiectomy or hysterectomy and oophorectomy</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Breast augmentation or reduction</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Facial and body structural modifications to match the desired gender</li>
</ul>
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The goal of gender confirmation surgery is to help individuals with gender dysphoria have a body that aligns with their gender identity, reduce psychological distress, increase confidence in daily life, and improve overall quality of life.
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<h3>Gender Dysphoria According to DSM-5: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches</h3>
&nbsp;
Gender Dysphoria is a condition where an individual experiences significant discomfort or distress due to the incongruence between their experienced gender and assigned sex at birth. According to the DSM-5 criteria by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), symptoms must persist for at least 6 months and impact daily life, such as work, social interactions, or personal relationships.
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The following characteristics may be observed:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Strong efforts to eliminate physical sex characteristics that do not align with the experienced gender, such as a male with gender dysphoria using hormones, surgery, or other methods to suppress male physical traits</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Strong efforts to express characteristics of the other gender, the experienced gender, such as a male with gender dysphoria using hormones, breast augmentation surgery, or dressing as female</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A strong desire to be treated as the gender that matches their experienced gender, such as a male with gender dysphoria avoiding or feeling very uncomfortable using men&#8217;s restrooms in public but feeling more relaxed using women&#8217;s or gender-neutral restrooms</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A strong conviction that they have the feelings and responses typical of the other gender</li>
</ul>
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<h3>Conditions and Evaluation Process Before Gender Confirmation Surgery: What You Need to Know Before Deciding</h3>
Gender confirmation surgery is a complex and high-risk procedure that requires thorough evaluation before surgery to minimize errors and long-term psychological impacts. Proper preparation helps ensure that the decision aligns with the medical condition and the individual&#8217;s true needs.
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<h2>Requirements Before Undergoing Gender Confirmation Surgery</h2>
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<h4>1. Living in the Gender That Matches One’s Identity</h4>
Before undergoing gender confirmation surgery, the patient must live in society according to their gender identity continuously for at least 12 months, which includes:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dressing and expressing oneself according to the desired gender</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Using names and pronouns that match the gender identity</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Being able to carry out daily life without social, family, or work-related problems</li>
</ul>
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<h4>2. Hormone Therapy</h4>
Hormone therapy is an essential part of gender transition before surgery and must be supervised and monitored by a specialist physician to help the body adapt to the desired gender and reduce psychological stress.
&nbsp;
<h4>3. Psychological and Psychiatric Evaluation</h4>
Gender confirmation surgery must be approved by at least 2 psychiatrists to verify that:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">The patient truly has gender dysphoria</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">There are no other psychiatric conditions that could affect decision-making</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">The patient has the ability to adapt and is ready for permanent physical changes</li>
</ul>
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— 
Dr. Danai Rattanachai 
Psychiatry

Gender reassignment surgery aims to help individuals with gender dysphoria have a body that aligns with their gender identity, reducing psychological distress.

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