“Cancer” is a disease caused by gene abnormalities, specifically mutations in genes that regulate cell division and growth. When these genes become mutated, the cells may grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer. Gene mutations can occur naturally in our bodies, but they typically affect genes that aren’t critical or may be corrected by the body, preventing problems from arising. The exact causes of gene mutations are not fully understood, but factors like smoking and alcohol consumption can trigger them. However, did you know that some individuals may inherit faulty genes from birth? This can lead to the development of cancer later in life, a condition known as “genetic cancer.”
Genetic Cancer refers to cancers caused by inherited genetic mutations, passed down from one’s parents. Nowadays, we know that certain mutations are linked to an increased risk of developing specific cancers. However, it does not mean that everyone with these mutations will develop cancer. These individuals are simply at a higher risk compared to the general population, and whether or not they develop cancer in the future remains uncertain.
What is Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk?
Genetic Testing is the process of analyzing genes to identify mutations or abnormalities in DNA that may increase the risk of cancer. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with breast and ovarian cancers. This test can help individuals with a family history of cancer understand their risk and plan preventive measures.
Who Should Consider Genetic Testing?
- Individuals with a family history of cancer, such as having multiple family members diagnosed with the same type of cancer or cancer occurring at an unusually young age.
- People who have had more than one type of cancer, such as both breast and ovarian cancer.
- Individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer at a young age, such as breast cancer before the age of 50.
- General individuals who are interested in knowing more should consult with a doctor before making a decision.
Steps for Genetic Testing
- Pre-test Consultation: Before the test, a doctor will provide counseling to help you understand the risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic testing.
- Sample Collection: A blood sample is taken and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The results are typically available within 2-3 weeks.
- Post-test Consultation: After the results are in, you will meet with a doctor who will explain the findings. The results are categorized into three types:
- Positive: A mutation is found that increases the risk of cancer.
- Negative: No mutation is found, but this does not mean there is no risk at all.
- Unclear: A gene change is detected, but it cannot be confirmed whether it increases the risk of cancer.
Benefits of Genetic Testing and Preventive Measures
- If a mutation that increases the risk of cancer is detected, you can take steps to modify your lifestyle, undergo more frequent health checks, or even receive preventive treatments, such as prophylactic surgery.
Helps Plan Treatment
- Finding a mutation that increases cancer risk does not mean you will definitely develop cancer in the future, as multiple factors contribute to the development of cancer. However, genetic testing helps doctors assess your risk, choose the most suitable and effective treatment methods, and may enable the use of strategies like Precision Medicine to target specific health needs.
Providing Information to Family Members
The results of genetic testing can help family members understand their own risks and make informed decisions about their health.
At Phyathai 2 Hospital, we have a comprehensive cancer care center that provides full-service cancer care, including cancer screenings, diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment care. We follow the approach of “Precision Cancer Medicine”, which integrates genetic data into personalized treatment. This allows us to plan precise and targeted treatments using genetic information to achieve the best possible outcomes for each patient.
Additionally, we offer Genetic Testing to identify genetic mutations that increase the risk of cancer. This enables individuals to plan effective preventive measures and manage their health more efficiently. Detecting cancer at an early stage significantly reduces the complexity of treatment and increases the chances of successful recovery.
