โรคใบหน้ากระตุกครึ่งซีก หรือ Hemifacial spasm กับ 3 ทางเลือกการรักษา

<p>Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disorder of the cranial nerves that causes involuntary muscle contractions or twitching on one side of the face. These spasms occur exclusively on either the left or right side and can range from mild to severe. Hemifacial spasm commonly begins around the eyelid — the most frequently affected area — and may gradually extend to muscles in the lower part of the face.</p>
<p>Hemifacial spasm is usually caused by irritation of the facial nerve, often due to a blood vessel pressing against the nerve near its origin at the brainstem. However, in some cases, the exact cause remains unknown.</p>
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<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Hemifacial Spasm</span></h2>
<p>Hemifacial spasm (HFS) can occur in individuals of all ages; however, it is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly populations. The condition is also more frequently observed in women than in men. Although the exact cause of HFS remains unclear, several factors may increase the risk of developing the condition. These include compression of the facial nerve by a blood vessel, a history of facial nerve injury, or the presence of a tumor exerting pressure on the nerve.</p>
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<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">Key Symptoms of Hemifacial Spasm (HFS)</span></h2>
<p>The hallmark symptom of hemifacial spasm (HFS) is involuntary twitching or contraction of the muscles on one side of the face. These spasms tend to occur intermittently and progressively worsen over time. Common symptom progression includes:</p>
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<li>Initial twitching around the eyelid, often leading to involuntary blinking or eye closure.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">As the condition advances, spasms may spread to the cheek, mouth, and occasionally the jaw.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1rem;"> The frequency and intensity of the spasms typically increase over time.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1rem;"> Symptoms tend to worsen during periods of stress, fatigue, or anxiety.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1rem;"> In most cases, spasms subside during sleep.</span></li>
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<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">Diagnosis of Hemifacial Spasm (HFS)</span></h2>
<p>Diagnosis of hemifacial spasm is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic pattern of facial muscle twitching, and requires evaluation by a specialist. Imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), may be employed to identify possible vascular compression of the facial nerve or to detect other underlying causes, such as neurological tumors.</p>
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<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">Treatment Options for Hemifacial Spasm (HFS)</span></h2>
<p>The goal of treatment for hemifacial spasm is primarily to alleviate symptoms, although certain methods can potentially offer a permanent cure. Treatment options include:</p>
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<li>Medication: Anticonvulsant drugs such as carbamazepine may be prescribed to provide temporary relief in some patients. However, medication is often not highly effective and may cause undesirable side effects.</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections: Botox injection into the affected muscles is considered an effective and successful treatment. It can temporarily reduce or eliminate muscle contractions. However, treatment must be performed by an experienced physician, as improper injection may cause facial muscle weakness, facial asymmetry, or incomplete eyelid closure. Repeat injections are generally needed every three months as the effect of Botox diminishes over time.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Microvascular Decompression (MVD): In cases where vascular compression of the facial nerve is present, MVD surgery can relieve the pressure by repositioning the offending blood vessel. This procedure has a high success rate in significantly reducing or permanently eliminating spasms. The surgical risks are relatively low since the brain tissue itself is not invaded. The procedure uses a high-magnification surgical microscope to accurately separate the blood vessel from the nerve. It involves a small surgical incision and typically requires only a short recovery period.</span></li>
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<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">Is Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) Curable?</span></h2>
<p>Although HFS is not a life-threatening condition, it can significantly impact quality of life, causing inconvenience, social embarrassment, and difficulty performing daily activities. The chances of recovery vary among individuals. For example, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections can effectively control spasms temporarily but require repeated treatments. In contrast, microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery offers a high potential for permanent resolution, depending on the underlying cause, the severity of the condition, and individual patient factors.</p>
<p>Nonetheless, HFS is a condition that requires ongoing management by specialized healthcare providers. Patients experiencing symptoms of HFS are encouraged to consult a neurologist or neurosurgeon to determine the most appropriate treatment options for their specific situation.</p>
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Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurological condition marked by involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face, often starting around the eye. It’s commonly caused by irritation or compression of the facial nerve. Treatment options include medication, Botox injections for temporary relief, and microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery, which may offer a long-term cure. Early diagnosis and specialist consultation are key to effective management.

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