Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver cells, which disrupts the liver’s normal functions. This can lead to liver scarring (fibrosis), cirrhosis, or even liver cancer over time.
Types of Hepatitis
- Acute hepatitis: Symptoms include fatigue, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain (especially in the upper right side), dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Acute hepatitis is typically caused by viral infections like Hepatitis A, B, C, and E, as well as certain medications, toxic substances, alcohol, and infectious diseases.
- Chronic hepatitis: This form often shows no symptoms initially but progressively damages liver cells over time, leading to cirrhosis or liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis can result from prolonged viral infections, alcohol consumption, toxic substances, or obesity. It is defined by liver inflammation lasting more than six months.
Symptoms of hepatitis
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal bloating and pain, particularly under the right ribcage (where the liver is located)
- Dark-colored urine
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
Hepatitis viruses
There are five main types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.
- Hepatitis B, C, and D are associated with chronic conditions. Hepatitis B, common in Thailand, is often spread through family contact, body fluids, or sexual transmission.
- Hepatitis C is frequently transmitted through contaminated needles, tattoos, or drug injections.
Treatment and prevention
While no specific cure exists, antiviral medications can help manage the infection. Prevention includes:
- Good personal and public hygiene, such as handwashing and cooking food properly.
- Avoiding exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids.
- Practicing safe sex.
- Vaccination, particularly against Hepatitis A and B.
- Regular exercise and avoiding alcohol.
Early detection and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help mitigate the risks associated with hepatitis.
