Allergies

Allergies are disorders of the immune system where the body reacts excessively to allergens or irritants, leading to allergic reactions. While not typically life-threatening, allergies can significantly impact daily life, including activities such as work or school. Allergies are prevalent worldwide, and in Thailand, the number of allergy sufferers is increasing and is expected to continue rising each year.

 

Symptoms of allergies:

• • Skin rashes, such as allergic rashes, hives, or itching
  • Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing
  • Coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, asthma
  • Eye irritation and redness, nasal congestion
  • Swelling around the mouth, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Sore throat, post-nasal drip, ear congestion

 

Potential complications: If left untreated or if symptoms persist for a long time, allergic conditions can lead to complications such as sinusitis, nasal polyps, snoring, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), skin infections, pharyngitis, chronic cough, middle ear infections, ear pain, and ear congestion. Additionally, factors like cold weather, changing conditions, or air pollution can exacerbate allergy symptoms.

 

Causes of allergies: Allergies are non-contagious and primarily result from two key factors:

• • Genetics: A family history of allergies increases the likelihood of developing allergies. If one or both parents have allergies, there is about a 30% chance that their child will also develop allergies. If both parents have allergies, the risk for the child can be as high as 60-70%.
  • Environmental factors: Environmental factors play a crucial role since allergens enter the body through various means, such as breathing, eating, or touching. Common allergens include dust mites, pollen, mold, certain foods (e.g., cow’s milk, egg whites, seafood), and irritants like incense smoke and cigarette smoke.

 

 

Allergy testing (Allergy skin prick test):

To determine what specific allergens trigger allergic reactions, an allergy skin prick test is conducted. A medical professional performs this test using special allergen solutions to identify reactions. This test helps determine which allergens (e.g., cockroaches, cat dander, dust mites, mold, dog dander, grass pollen, household dust, and various foods) are causing symptoms. The test is generally painless and provides immediate results.

 

Treatment for allergies:

• • Avoidance: The best treatment for allergies is to avoid allergens. If avoidance is not possible, medications may be necessary to manage and control symptoms.
  • Medication: A doctor will diagnose and prescribe appropriate medications to alleviate and control symptoms. For significant nasal congestion, decongestants may be prescribed, while those with chronic symptoms may require nasal sprays.
  • Immunotherapy: Allergy shots involve administering allergen extracts to build up immunity, primarily targeting allergens identified through skin testing. Dosage is gradually increased according to a schedule. Side effects are usually mild, such as red, itchy rashes at the injection site, and typically resolve within 4-8 hours. Other potential side effects include nasal congestion and runny nose, usually occurring within 30 minutes of the injection. Severe reactions are rare and can be managed with antihistamines.

 

Self-Care for allergy sufferers:

• • Avoid contact with allergens or irritants.
  • Maintain overall health by getting adequate rest and regular exercise.
  • Use saline nasal sprays regularly if experiencing chronic nasal congestion.

 

Follow medical advice and take prescribed medications as directed. Consult a doctor if complications arise during treatment, such as fever, persistent mucus, or wheezing.