Colon cancer is a common type of cancer found in both men and women, and its incidence continues to rise each year. In Thailand, there are approximately 16,000 new cases annually—an average of 44 cases per day. Although early-stage colon cancer often shows no clear symptoms, it can be detected in advance through a colonoscopy, which is a highly accurate and effective screening method.
Benefits and Importance of Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a vital procedure for screening diseases related to the colon. It helps detect early-stage abnormalities—such as polyps or lesions in the colon—that could potentially develop into colorectal cancer (CRC) in the future. During the procedure, a physician can immediately remove any detected polyps and send them for examination to determine whether they contain cancerous cells.
In addition, colonoscopy is highly beneficial for diagnosing other conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcers in the colon, or gastrointestinal bleeding. By identifying the exact cause of these issues, doctors can formulate a more accurate and targeted treatment plan.
Who Should Undergo Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening?
- Individuals over 45 years of age:
Even if no symptoms are present, a colonoscopy can help prevent colon cancer by detecting and removing precancerous polyps early. - Those with a family history of colon cancer:
They should begin screening earlier than the general population. A common recommendation is to start screening approximately 10 years before the age at which a direct relative was diagnosed. For example, if a father was diagnosed at 45, his immediate family members should start screening at 35. - People experiencing unexplained abdominal issues:
Such as stomach pain, bloating, indigestion, or persistent abdominal discomfort without a clear cause. - Individuals with abnormal bowel habits:
Including chronic constipation or diarrhea, alternating constipation and diarrhea, stool with blood, narrower stool, or the sensation of incomplete evacuation. - Those showing warning signs:
Such as anemia, unexplained weight loss, or a positive fecal occult blood test. - People with high-risk behaviors or lifestyles:
For instance, a diet high in fat and low in fiber, smoking, alcohol consumption, or being overweight.
Traditional Preparation for Colonoscopy
Traditional colonoscopy preparation is suitable for individuals who are not pressed for time and can devote sufficient time to ensure the colon is thoroughly cleansed for a detailed examination. However, this method requires a longer preparation period and can potentially be more expensive. The steps are as follows:
- Two Days Before the Procedure
- Avoid foods high in fiber.
- Refrain from eating any fruits or vegetables, as they are hard to digest and may leave residue in the colon.
- Avoid red or dark-colored foods and drinks (e.g., watermelon, red fruit juices) because they can affect the accuracy of the exam.
- One Day Before the Procedure
- Consume only easily digestible foods, such as plain porridge, bread, eggs, tofu, clear soup, or strained fruit juice.
- The Evening Before the Procedure
- Take the laxative medication prescribed by your doctor to eliminate any remaining waste in the colon. For example:
- Bisacodyl to stimulate bowel movements.
- PEG solution (Polyethylene Glycol), which is usually taken in increments of 240–250 ml every 10–15 minutes until the entire bottle is finished or until the prescribed amount has been consumed.
- Take the laxative medication prescribed by your doctor to eliminate any remaining waste in the colon. For example:
- Additional Considerations
- Individuals with underlying conditions, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, may need close medical supervision during the preparation process.
- In some cases, doctors may recommend staying in the hospital the night before the procedure.
One-Day Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: Preparing in Just One Day
The “One Day Bowel Preparation” service is a new option that enables patients to cleanse their colon and prepare for a colonoscopy within a single day. It is suitable for those who are in good overall health, do not have serious underlying conditions, and are capable of drinking plenty of fluids. The process typically involves the following steps:
- No Dietary Restrictions in Advance There is no need to avoid high-fiber foods or change your eating habits beforehand.
- On the Day of the Procedure
- Patients must fast for at least six hours prior to the procedure but may drink plain water.
- The doctor will then administer a special, highly effective laxative that helps promote quick and easy bowel movements, thoroughly cleaning the colon in a short amount of time—usually around 4–6 hours in total.
- During and After the Colonoscopy
- Once the colon is fully cleansed, patients are taken to the endoscopy room. The colonoscopy itself typically takes around 30–60 minutes.
- Sedation is given to minimize discomfort and pain during the procedure.
- After the colonoscopy, patients are advised to rest for about 1–2 hours before returning home.
In addition, at Phyathai 2 Hospital, there is a comfortable, private area for bowel preparation, including a dedicated private bowel preparation room, to ensure a convenient and discreet experience for all patients undergoing the procedure.
Advantages of One-Day Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
- Shorter Preparation Time Ideal for those with busy schedules or limited availability, as it cuts down the days needed for dietary restrictions and cleansing.
- No Prolonged Fasting or Multiple-Day Use of Laxatives Patients do not have to endure an extended period of avoiding certain foods or taking laxatives for several days.
- Reduced Risk of Hospital-Acquired Infections Since preparation and the procedure occur on the same day, hospital stay is minimized, thereby lowering the chance of infection.
- Cost Savings Shorter or no inpatient stay helps reduce expenses such as room charges and other hospital service fees.
Side Effects and Complications of Colonoscopy
A lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, or colonoscopy, is considered a very safe procedure. Patients may experience bloating or abdominal discomfort, which typically subsides within 4–6 hours. The risk of serious complications, such as significant bleeding following the removal of large polyps or a perforated colon, is very low. However, if after returning home you experience unusually heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, a very hard or tender abdomen, or a high fever, you should promptly seek medical attention.
Colonoscopy examinations provide a clear view of any abnormalities in the colon, making it possible to detect early signs or conditions that could lead to diseases, even before the onset of symptoms. For instance, polyps or early-stage cancers can be identified before they begin to show noticeable signs. Detecting these issues early often leads to more effective treatment outcomes. Therefore, if you are 45 years old or above or have any concerning symptoms, it is recommended that you consult a doctor for guidance and to determine the screening method most suitable for your needs and risk factors.
The Colorectal Clinic at Phyathai 2 Hospital offers screening and preventive services, as well as treatment for colon-related conditions such as colon cancer, hemorrhoids, and anal fistulas. Backed by a team of highly experienced specialists and a multidisciplinary medical staff, the clinic utilizes state-of-the-art diagnostic tools for accurate evaluation. Additionally, the new One Day Bowel Preparation service ensures that colonoscopy preparation is no longer a complicated task.
