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<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Pregnant mothers must be very careful about medication use, especially during the first 3 months of pregnancy, as this is a critical period for the development of the baby&#8217;s organs. If a pregnant mother takes medication that affects the baby&#8217;s growth, it may cause harmful effects to the unborn child.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">The risk of abnormalities depends on the timing of the pregnancy, the duration of medication use, and the dosage received. Therefore, pregnant mothers should have knowledge about selecting medications to help relieve initial symptoms without causing harm to themselves or the fetus, as follows.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Pregnant Mothers with Nausea and Vomiting</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms, especially during the first 4 months of pregnancy. If nausea and vomiting are severe, several medications can be used, such as Dimenhydrinate, Metoclopramide, Ondansetron, and Vitamin B6.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Acid Reflux in Pregnant Mothers</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Acid reflux in pregnant mothers may occur due to increased relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter or the uterus expanding and pressing on the stomach, increasing pressure and causing stomach acid to reflux and irritate the esophagus. Initial treatment involves behavioral adjustments such as sleeping with a high pillow, avoiding lying down immediately after eating, and avoiding foods that trigger acid reflux. If symptoms do not improve after behavioral changes, antacids such as Sucralfate, which has minimal absorption into the bloodstream, can be used. Alternatively, medications like Famotidine, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, or Pantoprazole may be chosen.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Constipation in Pregnant Mothers</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Constipation in pregnant mothers may be caused by hormonal changes, high iron intake from supplements, and reduced physical activity. The first choice of medication is bulk-forming laxatives, as they are not absorbed into the bloodstream, such as Psyllium Husk. If these are ineffective, Magnesium Hydroxide, Lactulose, or Senna can be used.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Diarrhea in Pregnant Mothers</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">When experiencing diarrhea, oral rehydration solutions can be consumed to compensate for fluid loss. Antibiotics should be used only when necessary and under medical supervision. If bloating occurs, Simethicone can be used as it is not absorbed into the bloodstream.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Common Cold in Pregnant Mothers</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Nasal saline sprays can be used for nasal irrigation, and decongestants such as Chlorpheniramine and Diphenhydramine can be used as needed. Cough suppressants like N-acetylcysteine, Guifenesin, and Dextromethorphan are acceptable. Avoid liquid medications containing alcohol. Menthol-containing nasal decongestants that help clear breathing can also be used.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Back Pain in Pregnant Mothers</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Back pain may result from increased body weight and a growing abdomen, affecting balance and posture. Pregnant mothers often lean backward to support themselves, causing strain on back muscles and ligaments, leading to inflammation. It is recommended that mothers exercise to relax muscles with positions suitable for pregnancy. The first choice of medication for pain relief is Paracetamol or topical pain relievers to minimize systemic absorption. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended for self-medication due to safety concerns and should only be used under medical advice during certain pregnancy stages.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>Bacterial Infections in Pregnant Mothers</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">Antibacterial or antibiotic medications should be used only when necessary and under medical or pharmacist consultation, as most drugs can cross the placenta and affect the fetus. Examples of oral antibiotics that can be used include Amoxycillin and Amoxycillin-Clavulanate. Always consult a doctor before use.</span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a"><b>How Should Pregnant Mothers Use Medications?</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400">During pregnancy, if medication is necessary to relieve illness, it should be used only when the benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus and at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. Medications with a long history of use should be preferred over newer drugs due to more safety data. New drugs have limited data on use in pregnant women. Information on drug efficacy and safety may change as new scientific evidence emerges. If there are any questions about medication use during pregnancy, always consult a doctor or pharmacist.</span></p>
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When a pregnant mother experiences nausea and vomiting, acid reflux, constipation, diarrhea, back pain, or fever, medication should be used only as necessary by choosing the lowest dose, using it for the shortest duration, and considering that the benefits outweigh the risks to her own health and the fetus.

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