Treating chemical burns with proper first aid and care PTP

When the skin or tissue comes into contact with toxic or corrosive chemicals such as acids or alkalis, the cells and tissues are rapidly destroyed, potentially causing chemical burns. The severity of the injury depends on several factors, including the type and concentration of the chemical, the amount and duration of exposure, and the site or organ exposed to the chemical. Awareness of chemical hazards, as well as proper prevention and first aid, is crucial and should not be overlooked.
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<h2>Chemicals That May Cause Burns (Chemical Burns)</h2>
Chemicals that may cause burns can be found both far from us and in everyday life. Therefore, understanding and being cautious when using these substances is important.
<ul>
<li>Acids such as sulfuric acid, commonly found in batteries and some toilet cleaners, are corrosive and can destroy skin cells, causing burns if directly contacted.</li>
<li>Alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, used in paper production and found in drain cleaners, soaps, and degreasing products, can damage deep tissues, causing burns or blisters similar to acids.</li>
<li>Household products such as floor cleaners may contain concentrated ammonia, which can cause irritation and burns. Laundry detergents with chlorine bleach like sodium hypochlorite can irritate the skin upon direct contact. Glass cleaners may contain methanol, which can cause skin inflammation and irritation.</li>
<li>Polish or paint may contain solvents such as toluene, xylene, acetone, or alcohol, which can cause irritation if exposed for a long time.</li>
<li>Chemicals in cosmetics such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dye can cause irritation or burns in allergic individuals. Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) in exfoliating products, if highly concentrated, used in large amounts, or applied on already irritated skin, may cause wounds.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>First Aid Guidelines When the Body Contacts Chemicals</h2>
When the body contacts chemicals, proper first aid can reduce potential damage. First aid varies depending on the type of chemical and the exposed organ as follows:
<ul>
<li>Skin contact with chemicals: Immediately rinse with clean water, allowing water to flow for at least 15-30 minutes to reduce chemical concentration and irritation. If possible, remove contaminated clothing and accessories immediately to prevent chemical spread. If burns or blisters occur, do not puncture or peel the skin; cover with a clean gauze to prevent infection. In severe cases such as skin peeling or severe pain, seek medical attention promptly.</li>
<li>Chemicals in the eyes: Remove contact lenses if worn, then rinse eyes with sterile normal saline or eye irrigation solution to reduce the chance of reaction between chemicals and possibly impure water. If unavailable, use clean water. Hold the eyelids open and rinse the eyes thoroughly for at least 15 minutes, keeping the inner corner of the eye higher than the outer corner to prevent chemicals from flowing to the unaffected eye. Do not rub the eyes as this may worsen damage. If immediate medical care is unavailable, preservative-free artificial tears can be used temporarily to relieve irritation but only after rinsing with water or saline. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.</li>
<li>Chemicals ingested or in the mouth: Rinse the mouth with clean water immediately but do not induce vomiting, as vomiting may increase the area exposed to the chemical in the stomach and throat. For corrosive substances such as strong acids, alkalis, or pesticides, go to the hospital immediately and inform the doctor of the chemical ingested.</li>
<li>Chemical inhalation: Move quickly away from the toxic gas area to a place with fresh air and good ventilation. Check breathing and symptoms. If the heart stops, perform CPR correctly and transport to the hospital immediately, informing the medical staff of the chemical inhaled for appropriate treatment. Do not induce vomiting or give water or milk without medical advice, especially for corrosive substances, as this may worsen the condition.</li>
<li>Chemical-contaminated clothing: Remove contaminated clothing immediately to prevent chemical absorption through the skin and reduce irritation risk. Bathe or rinse the affected body area with clean water, allowing water to flow for a long time to dilute and reduce chemical concentration without using soap or other chemicals. If clothing is heavily contaminated, dispose of it by wrapping securely to prevent recontamination and chemical spread to others. In severe cases such as difficulty breathing, severe burning pain, or uncertainty about the chemical&#8217;s danger, seek medical attention promptly.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Washing the Skin and Body Areas Exposed to Chemicals</h2>
To effectively reduce harm and impact when exposed to chemicals, follow these steps:
<ul>
<li>Rinse with clean water: Wash the exposed area with a large amount of clean water for at least 15-30 minutes. For highly concentrated chemicals, rinse longer to reduce chemical concentration and prevent skin absorption.</li>
<li>Wash with pH-balanced soap: Especially for fat or oil-based chemicals, avoid soaps containing oils or creams, as they may facilitate chemical absorption into the skin.</li>
<li>Do not use other chemicals such as vinegar or lemon juice to wash alkalis, or alkaline solutions to wash acids, as chemical reactions may worsen the situation.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Which Chemical Burns or Wounds Require Immediate Medical Attention?</h2>
Seeking immediate medical care helps ensure appropriate treatment and effectively prevents long-term injuries. Consider the following:
<ul>
<li>Severe pain, skin peeling, or obvious skin changes such as dark redness or peeling skin</li>
<li>Large or very deep wounds</li>
<li>Wounds on the face, hands, or feet, which have a high risk of scarring or affecting future body function</li>
<li>Uncertainty about symptoms or wound severity due to high risk of severe injury, infection, or long-term complications</li>
<li>Signs of infection such as pus, foul odor, or fever, requiring prompt medical attention as antibiotics may be needed</li>
</ul>
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For those who regularly handle chemicals, appropriate protective equipment such as rubber gloves, chemical safety goggles, and full-coverage clothing should be worn, and strict safety measures followed. In case of chemical accidents or abnormal symptoms, seek medical attention immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment. At Phyathai Phaholyothin Hospital, we have a specialized medical team ready to provide consultation and care with advanced medical technology, ensuring you receive safe and highly effective treatment.
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Dr. Kamthorn Wijitkamthorn 
Surgeon, Surgery Center 
Phyathai Phaholyothin Hospital

Find first aid advice for when you come into contact with chemicals or suffer chemical burns. Wash the skin and body areas exposed to the chemicals to prevent harm and reduce damage, along with observing symptoms that require immediate medical attention.

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Treatment of Chemical Burn Wounds with First Aid and Proper Care

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