โรคมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่ ภัยร้ายของคนอายุ 50 ปีขึ้นไป

Currently, colorectal cancer is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide and the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States. In Thailand, it is the 3rd leading cause of death in males and the 5th in females.
<h2>Causes of cancer are divided into</h2>
General factors
<ol>
<li>Genetic or hereditary factors (family history of colorectal cancer)</li>
<li>Diet: high-fat, high-calorie foods, smoking, alcohol consumption, low-fiber diet increase the risk of colorectal cancer</li>
<li>Stress</li>
<li>Gender: males have a higher risk than females</li>
</ol>
Symptoms of colorectal cancer
<ul>
<li>Diarrhea, constipation, or feeling bloated</li>
<li>Stool mixed with fresh blood or very dark blood</li>
<li>Stool that is thinner than usual</li>
<li>Abdominal discomfort, burning pain, indigestion, and cramps</li>
<li>Unexplained weight loss</li>
<li>Fatigue or weakness</li>
<li>Paleness, anemia</li>
</ul>
Guidelines to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer include
<ol>
<li>Regular exercise</li>
<li>Consuming high-fiber foods</li>
<li>Weight control</li>
<li>Avoiding smoking</li>
<li>Abstaining from alcohol</li>
</ol>
<h2>Colorectal cancer screening</h2>
Generally, early-stage colorectal cancer often has no symptoms. Tumors that are about to become cancerous can be detected and treated. Screening depends on age, family history, and the risk factors mentioned above.
<h2>Who should undergo colorectal cancer screening</h2>
High-risk groups include
<ul>
<li>Those with a history of colorectal cancer or</li>
<li>Those who have had adenoma tumors</li>
<li>Family history of colorectal cancer before age 60</li>
<li>History of chronic inflammatory bowel disease</li>
<li>Genetic diseases related to colorectal cancer</li>
</ul>
(For PET-CT screening in the general population, research is still ongoing regarding its advantages, disadvantages, cost-effectiveness, and benefits.)
At-risk groups include
<ul>
<li>Men or women aged 50 years and older</li>
</ul>
Methods of colorectal cancer screening include
<ul>
<li>Fecal occult blood test once a year</li>
<li>Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years</li>
<li>Fecal occult blood test once a year and sigmoidoscopy every 5 years</li>
<li>Colonoscopy every 10 years</li>
<li>Barium enema every 5 years</li>
</ul>
(Measuring CEA blood levels is not recommended for asymptomatic individuals in the general population.)
<h2>Treatment of colorectal cancer</h2>
The goals of colorectal cancer treatment are twofold:
<ol>
<li>Cure</li>
<li>Palliative care</li>
</ol>
Treatment of colorectal cancer involves a multidisciplinary team including surgeons, radiation oncologists, internists, and oncologists. Treatment methods include:
<ul>
<li>Surgery</li>
<li>Radiation therapy</li>
<li>Chemotherapy</li>
</ul>
<h2>Key points about cancer treatment to know</h2>
Each type of cancer has different progression and severity. The best chance to manage cancer is to detect it as early as possible or through screening before the first treatment, which is very important. The strength of the body and mind, as well as patient cooperation, affect the treatment outcome.
&nbsp;
When talking about cancer, only a few types can be prevented or detected early, including cervical cancer and colorectal cancer. Cervical cancer can be prevented by annual Pap smear tests. Colorectal cancer can be prevented by colonoscopy or CT colonography every 10 years. However, if diagnosed, prompt treatment with a colorectal and anal specialist is necessary for the best outcome.
&nbsp;
<div style="text-align: right;">Dr. Theerasanti Tantitemit</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">Colorectal and Anal Surgery Specialist</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">Colorectal and Anal Disease Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital</div>

Currently, colorectal cancer is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide.

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Colon Cancer: A Serious Threat for People Aged 50 and Over

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