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Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia. In 2019, Thailand recorded approximately 670,000 people living with dementia, and this number is projected to rise to 2.39 million by 2050. Dementia not only robs individuals of their independence but also places a heavy emotional, physical, and financial burden on caregivers and families. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease—which is why early diagnosis and intervention are key.
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<h2>What Causes Alzheimer’s?</h2>
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by the abnormal buildup of two toxic proteins in the brain: Amyloid and Tau. As these proteins accumulate, they damage and kill brain cells, causing brain volume to shrink over time. When enough cells are lost, cognitive decline begins, eventually leading to full-blown dementia.
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Common Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease
Early signs include:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Memory loss, especially of recent events 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Repeating questions or stories 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Difficulty concentrating or solving problems 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Reduced ability to use or understand language 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Getting lost, even in familiar places 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Reduced social interaction 
</li>
</ul>
Mood or behavior changes such as irritability, depression, apathy, or paranoia (e.g., suspecting theft) 

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<h2>How Is Alzheimer’s Diagnosed?</h2>
Doctors use a combination of five methods:
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Detailed interviews with the patient and family members</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Neurological examination</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cognitive assessments using memory and problem-solving tests</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood tests to rule out other causes of cognitive decline</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Brain imaging, especially MRI, which shows structural changes in the brain 
 
</li>
</ol>
All five steps should be conducted together by specialists in neurology, psychiatry, or geriatric medicine for an accurate diagnosis.
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<h2>Treatment Options</h2>
Treatment includes both medication and non-drug interventions:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Medication helps adjust chemical imbalances in the brain, slowing down cognitive decline and reducing the need for full-time care.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Non-drug therapy includes: 

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Brain exercises and group activities 
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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Computerized cognitive training 
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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Psychotherapy, journaling, music therapy, and art therapy 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Daily life activities to help maintain mental function</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>New Hope: Anti-Amyloid Antibody Therapy</h2>
In 2021, the U.S. FDA approved a new class of drugs called Anti-Amyloid Antibodies, which help remove amyloid proteins from the brain. Studies show they can slow disease progression by 27–35% compared to standard care. These medications are expected to be introduced in Thailand between 2025 and 2026, offering hope for longer and higher-quality lives for patients.
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<h2>Prevention and Early Detection</h2>
Although there’s no guaranteed way to prevent Alzheimer’s, lifestyle changes can help delay onset:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Healthy diet 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Managing chronic conditions 
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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Regular exercise 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Systematic brain training</li>
</ul>
Alzheimer’s can now be detected before symptoms appear through:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cerebrospinal fluid tests (checking amyloid and tau levels)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">PET scans</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood tests – a simpler, more accessible screening tool for early detection 
</li>
</ul>
These methods allow for early treatment and future planning by patients and families.
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<h2>Know the Early Warning Signs</h2>
If an older adult shows the following symptoms, Alzheimer’s could be developing:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Frequent forgetfulness or memory loss 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Slower thinking, poor concentration 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Impaired decision-making or problem-solving 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Getting lost or struggling to find words 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Changes in behavior or reduced interest in social interaction</li>
</ul>
Early Action Makes a Difference
If you suspect Alzheimer’s disease or want to screen for memory decline even without symptoms, consult a memory and dementia specialist. Early diagnosis and intervention can slow disease progression and preserve quality of life.
You can receive a consultation at the Neurology Clinic, Phyathai 1 Hospital, Building 3, 5th Floor.

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia. In 2019, Thailand recorded approximately 670,000 people living with dementia, and this number is projected to rise to 2.39 million by 2050.

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Alzheimer’s Disease – Detect Early, Treat Early, Slow the Decline

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