เนื้องอกรังไข่ หรือ ซีสต์รังไข่ และช็อกโกแลตซีสต์จะใช่เนื้อร้าย (มะเร็ง) หรือเปล่า?

<p><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ovaries</span></strong></span> are organs found only in females. They are oval-shaped, typically 2-3 cm in size (about the size of a quail egg), located on both sides of the uterine horns. They have two main functions:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>Egg production</strong></span> When an egg is fertilized by sperm, it implants in the uterus to develop into an embryo. If the egg is not fertilized, it will disintegrate.</li>
<li><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>Hormone production</strong></span> which causes physical changes in girls as they enter puberty, such as breast development, widening hips, higher-pitched voice, and hair growth in the pubic and underarm areas.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Types of Ovarian Tumors</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Cysts (Cyst) are tumors that appear as sacs containing fluid, water, or tissue inside.</li>
<li>Benign tumors or non-cancerous types (Benign)</li>
<li>Malignant tumors or cancerous types (Malignant)</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer</span></span></h2>
<p><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>The exact cause is unknown, but risk factors include:</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li>Genetics: family history of cancer in grandmother, aunt, mother, sister</li>
<li>Women who breastfeed have a lower risk</li>
<li>Age entering menopause or over 55 years old</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Symptoms of Benign Ovarian Tumors</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Menstrual irregularities</li>
<li>Frequent urination due to the tumor pressing on the bladder</li>
<li>Constipation due to the tumor pressing on the intestines</li>
<li>Abdominal enlargement</li>
<li>Acute abdominal pain, which may result from complications when the tumor grows larger, causing twisting, rupture, bleeding, or infection</li>
<li>Bloating and loss of appetite</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Medical Diagnosis</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Doctor takes medical history, asks about symptoms, and performs a general physical examination</li>
<li>Palpation of the abdomen may detect a mass</li>
<li>Internal examination or rectal examination</li>
<li>Ultrasound examination via abdomen or vagina</li>
<li>Computed tomography (CT scan)</li>
<li>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Symptoms Suggestive of Malignant Ovarian Tumors (Ovarian Cancer)</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Loss of appetite and weight loss due to rapid tumor growth</li>
<li>Ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity) may be detected by physical exam or ultrasound due to cancer cell spread to other organs</li>
<li>Biopsy results can classify the type of <span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>ovarian tumor</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Treatment Approaches for Ovarian Tumors</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>If diagnosed with a <span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>benign ovarian tumor</strong></span>, treatment involves medication and monitoring whether the tumor shrinks or grows, with periodic ultrasound follow-ups</li>
<li>If diagnosed with ovarian cancer, surgery will be performed to remove as much malignant tissue as possible, combined with chemotherapy or <span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>radiation therapy</strong></span></li>
<li>For surgery of <span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>benign ovarian tumors</strong></span>, indications include failure of medication and monitoring to reduce tumor size, tumor growth, or complications such as acute pain from tumor torsion, rupture, or bleeding, in which case surgery is recommended</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Two Types of Gynecological Surgery</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>Traditional surgery</strong></span> involves a 10 cm long abdominal incision, requiring a longer recovery time and leaving a scar</li>
<li><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>Modern technology surgery</strong></span> called <span style="color: #00826a;"><em><strong>Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery</strong></em></span> is suitable for gynecological diseases such as ovarian tumors, ovarian cysts, chocolate cysts, etc. However, it may not be suitable for reproductive organ cancers as it may increase the risk of cancer cell spread</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">This special surgical equipment includes the following important devices:</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>A small camera with a magnifying lens connected to a receiver that displays images on a screen</li>
<li>A light source to provide clear images</li>
<li>Forceps for grasping tissue</li>
<li>Scissors for cutting tissue and dissecting adhesions</li>
<li>Electrocautery device to stop bleeding</li>
<li>Suturing equipment</li>
</ul>
<p>The equipment used in laparoscopic surgery is designed for high efficiency in use.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Advantages of Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Very small surgical wounds, less pain</li>
<li>Less blood loss, faster recovery</li>
<li>Most patients can eat immediately after surgery</li>
<li>Hospital stay is about 1-2 days, shorter than open abdominal surgery</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Procedure of Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery</span></h2>
<p>The anesthesiologist will administer general anesthesia. Then the doctor will make 3-4 small abdominal incisions, each about 0.5-1 cm, to insert small surgical instruments. During the surgery, the doctor and team can view the internal organs on a monitor receiving signals from the laparoscopic camera.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Complications from Laparoscopic Surgery</span></span></h2>
<p>Because carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the patient&#8217;s abdominal cavity to facilitate surgery, after the procedure, the doctor will remove as much gas as possible. Some gas may remain, which can push against the diaphragm causing shoulder pain. This discomfort usually resolves within 1-2 days as the body naturally absorbs the gas.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #00826a;">Limitations of Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>It may not be suitable for cancer cases due to the risk of cancer cell spread, depending on the doctor&#8217;s judgment and the cancer stage</li>
<li>Patients with anesthesia problems may not be suitable candidates</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">General Preoperative Preparation</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Fasting from food and water for 6-8 hours before surgery</li>
<li>Patient signs a consent form for surgery</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span style="color: #00826a;">Postoperative Care</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>For open abdominal surgery, fasting from food and water for at least 24 hours until the doctor permits eating. For laparoscopic surgery, most patients can eat immediately, depending on the doctor&#8217;s discretion</li>
<li>Avoid sexual intercourse and heavy lifting for a period as determined by the doctor</li>
<li>Keep the wound dry</li>
<li>Walking and light exercise are allowed</li>
<li>Take medications regularly as prescribed</li>
<li>Attend follow-up appointments</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Since the exact cause of ovarian tumors is still unknown medically, it is important to reduce risk factors such as maintaining a healthy weight, breastfeeding, regular exercise, and monitoring for abnormal symptoms. For asymptomatic individuals with a family history of ovarian cancer, screening can be done through annual physical exams such as ultrasound or blood tests for ovarian cancer markers.</p>


Ovarian tumors can be either cystic (Cyst), containing fluid, water, and tissue inside, or benign tumors that are not serious, or they may be malignant tumors (cancer). A pelvic exam and ultrasound can help detect the disease at an early stage.

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Ovarian tumors or ovarian cysts and chocolate cysts—are they malignant (cancerous)?

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