Currently, PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) or multiple ovarian cysts is one of the common health issues among women. It is caused by disorders of the endocrine system or hormones, along with other contributing factors.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a condition characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on both ovaries, resulting from chronic anovulation. This leads to physical traits associated with elevated male hormones, such as acne, oily skin, hair loss, or excessive body hair, including facial hair. Patients often experience irregular menstrual cycles, such as infrequent or erratic periods, which can lead to abnormal thickening of the endometrium, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.
Causes of PCOS
Evidence suggests that the causes of PCOS can stem from internal factors within the patient, such as genetics, and external factors like stress, obesity, diabetes, or the use of certain supplements that disrupt ovarian function, leading to chronic anovulation.
Is Genetics Involved in PCOS?
Medical data indicates that there is a genetic component to PCOS. Mothers with PCOS have a five-fold increased chance of their daughters developing the condition.
Who is at Risk for PCOS?
Individuals with the following characteristics may be at risk for PCOS:
- Physical traits indicating elevated male hormones, such as acne on the back or chin, or excessive body hair
- Irregular menstrual cycles, such as missed periods or very light or erratic periods
- Obesity or diabetes
- Infertility
- Ultrasound results showing multiple cysts on the ovaries
Treatment Guidelines for PCOS
- Behavioral modifications and achieving a healthy weight
- Medication to reduce insulin resistance, as chronic anovulation can cause abnormal energy metabolism similar to diabetes
- For those wishing to conceive, considering ovulation-inducing medications or consulting a fertility specialist
- To prevent abnormal thickening of the endometrium that could lead to cancer, hormone therapy with progestins or low-dose combined hormonal contraceptives may be considered.
Preventing PCOS
- Engage in regular exercise and reduce intake of high-fat, high-carb, and sugary foods to prevent obesity
- Monitor the regularity and volume of menstrual periods; normal cycles should occur every 21 to 40 days
- Avoid supplements that may cause hormonal imbalances leading to anovulation
- Regular medical check-ups to monitor health
