วัคซีนที่แนะนำสำหรับผู้เดินทางไปต่างประเทศ

Traveling abroad may increase the risk of infection with diseases different from those found in the home country. Receiving appropriate vaccines can help prevent these diseases and is also a requirement for entry into some destination countries.
&nbsp;
<h2>Recommended vaccines can be divided into 3 main categories:</h2>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Vaccines required by the destination country</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Vaccines recommended to prevent common diseases in the area</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Basic vaccines that should be received before traveling</li>
</ol>
&nbsp;
<h2>1. Vaccines required by the destination country</h2>
Some countries have laws requiring travelers to be vaccinated before entry, such as
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Yellow Fever Vaccine
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Required for travel to certain countries in Africa and South America</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">The World Health Organization (WHO) requires travelers to have an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) for yellow fever vaccination</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Meningococcal Vaccine
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Required for travelers performing Hajj and Umrah in Saudi Arabia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Saudi Arabia requires travelers to receive this vaccine at least 10 days before travel and to have a vaccination certificate</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>2. Vaccines recommended for travelers to high-risk areas</h2>
These vaccines are not legally required but are recommended to prevent diseases commonly found in certain areas
<ul>
<li>Hepatitis A Vaccine
<ul>
<li>Recommended for travelers to countries with poor sanitation</li>
<li>Hepatitis A spreads through contaminated food and water</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Hepatitis B Vaccine
<ul>
<li>Recommended for travelers who may require medical treatment or are at risk of exposure to blood and bodily fluids</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Typhoid Vaccine
<ul>
<li>Recommended for travelers to developing countries such as India, Bangladesh, and countries in Africa</li>
<li>Prevents bacterial infection by Salmonella typhi through contaminated food and water</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Rabies Vaccine
<ul>
<li>Recommended for those who may come into contact with pets or wild animals, such as hikers</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Cholera Vaccine
<ul>
<li>Recommended for travelers to areas with cholera outbreaks</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Influenza Vaccine
<ul>
<li>Recommended annually, especially for travelers who will be on airplanes or in crowded places</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>3. Basic vaccines that should be received before traveling</h2>
Although some vaccines are given since childhood, it is recommended to check immunity and receive boosters if necessary, including
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap/Td Vaccine)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine (MMR Vaccine)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Varicella Vaccine</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Polio Vaccine</li>
</ul>
<h2></h2>
<h2>Recommendations before vaccination</h2>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Consult a doctor in advance, at least 4-6 weeks before traveling</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Check the requirements of the destination country through WHO or CDC websites</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Keep vaccination certificates, especially for vaccines required for travel</li>
</ol>
&nbsp;
<h2>Recommended vaccines for travel to each continent and country</h2>
Traveling to different regions of the world may carry different disease risks. Therefore, travelers should receive appropriate vaccines to prevent common diseases in those areas.
&nbsp;
<h2>Africa</h2>
Africa has a high risk of many infectious diseases, especially those transmitted by mosquitoes and foodborne diseases.
&nbsp;
Necessary and recommended vaccines for Africa
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Yellow Fever Vaccine is required for some countries such as Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Congo (vaccination certificate required)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Meningococcal Vaccine is recommended for areas in the Meningitis Belt, the epidemic zone of meningitis, covering central and western Africa</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Typhoid Vaccine prevents diseases transmitted through food and water</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Hepatitis A &amp; B Vaccines</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Malaria Prophylaxis – no vaccine available, but preventive medication should be used</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Rabies Vaccine if traveling to rural areas</li>
</ul>
<h2>South America</h2>
South America is an area with mosquito-borne and animal-borne infectious diseases such as yellow fever and malaria.
&nbsp;
Necessary and recommended vaccines for South America
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Yellow Fever Vaccine is required for some countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru (certificate required)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Typhoid Vaccine prevents gastrointestinal diseases</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Hepatitis A &amp; B Vaccines</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Hepatitis A &amp; B Vaccines</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Malaria Prophylaxis – preventive medication is recommended if traveling to the Amazon region</li>
</ul>
<h2>Asia</h2>
Asia has risks related to hygiene and animal-borne diseases.
 
Necessary and recommended vaccines for Asia
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Typhoid Vaccine recommended for India, Bangladesh, Vietnam</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Hepatitis A &amp; B Vaccines should be given before travel</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Rabies Vaccine especially in India and Cambodia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Meningococcal Vaccine required for travelers performing Hajj in Saudi Arabia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine recommended for travelers to rural areas in China, Japan, India, Thailand</li>
</ul>
<h2>Europe</h2>
Europe has a low risk of serious infectious diseases but basic vaccines should be given before travel.
 
Necessary and recommended vaccines for Europe
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Influenza Vaccine – recommended for winter; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap/Td) – booster recommended</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Meningococcal Vaccine – recommended for those studying abroad in Europe</li>
</ul>
<h2>North America</h2>
North America has vaccine requirements similar to Europe.
 
Necessary and recommended vaccines for North America
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Influenza Vaccine recommended especially during winter</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap/Td) booster recommended</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine (MMR) required if never vaccinated</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Varicella Vaccine required for those never infected</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Meningococcal Vaccine recommended for those studying abroad, such as students in Europe</li>
</ul>
<h2>Australia and Pacific Islands</h2>
Generally, Australia has a low risk, but some areas of the Pacific Islands have risks of tropical diseases.
 
Necessary and recommended vaccines for Australia and the Pacific
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Influenza Vaccine recommended for travelers</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Hepatitis A &amp; B Vaccines recommended for travelers to the Pacific Islands</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine recommended if traveling to New Guinea</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>Important vaccines to check before traveling</h2>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Yellow Fever Vaccine required for some countries in Africa and South America</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Meningococcal Vaccine required for Hajj and Umrah participants</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Typhoid and Cholera Vaccines for Asia and Africa</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Hepatitis A &amp; B Vaccines for all continents</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Rabies Vaccine for rural areas</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Influenza Vaccine for Europe, America, Australia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine for Asia and the Pacific Islands</li>
</ol>
&nbsp;
Additional recommendations
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Vaccines should be administered at least 4-6 weeks before travel</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Yellow Card, is a travel document for international travel</li>
</ul>
Vaccination before travel is an important measure to reduce the risk of infection and disease spread. Vaccine selection depends on the destination, travel duration, and planned activities. Travelers should consult a doctor and prepare before departure for safety and good health throughout the trip.
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&nbsp;
Dr. Supitcha Ongkittikul
Chief Physician, Infectious Diseases Medicine
Phyathai 3 Hospital

Traveling abroad may increase the risk of contracting diseases different from those found in the home country. Receiving appropriate vaccinations can help prevent these diseases.

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