Before we get to know the technique of treating pituitary tumors through endoscopic transnasal surgery, let’s first get to know what a pituitary tumor is, what causes it, and whether we are at risk!
What is a pituitary tumor?
A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth of pituitary gland cells. When a tumor forms, it affects the pituitary gland, which is responsible for producing important hormones such as Growth hormone, which is related to body growth; thyroid hormone, which controls metabolism; and sex hormones. These hormones may be produced in excess or insufficient amounts, leading to various effects on the body.
Who is at risk of having a pituitary tumor?
This condition can occur in all genders and ages but is more commonly found in working-age adults between 40-50 years old. Symptoms of a pituitary tumor often do not appear in the early stages but start to affect the body as the tumor grows. The symptoms can be divided into two types:
- Symptoms caused by the pressure of the tumor on nearby nerves, especially the optic nerve, which may present as headaches, blurred vision, double vision, or worsening visual fields.
- Symptoms caused by hormonal imbalances, such as breast development in men, sexual dysfunction, milk production without childbirth, abnormal body growth or premature growth cessation, Cushing’s syndrome, thin limbs but a round face resembling a moon face, etc.
Getting to know pituitary tumor treatment by endoscopic transnasal surgery
There are several methods to treat pituitary tumors
- Open surgery through the frontal skull area above the eyebrow
- Transnasal surgery using an endoscope
- Radiation therapy, which is used when surgery cannot control the disease
Today, we will focus on transnasal surgery using an endoscope. This surgery involves using a small, high-resolution camera (about 4 mm) inserted through the nostrils to the skull base to remove the tumor with advanced techniques without opening the skull. This method is highly precise and reduces the risk of injury to the surrounding brain tissue.
Advantages of endoscopic transnasal surgery
- Reduced risk of complications because the pituitary gland is located deep in the center of the skull. Open surgery carries a risk of damaging nerves and brain tissue, but this depends on the clear diagnosis of the tumor’s size and location.
- No external surgical wounds reducing the chance of infection through wounds.
- Faster recovery reducing hospital stay time.
- Less postoperative pain allowing easier breathing and eating after surgery.
- Reduced risk of infection because there is no need to open the external skin.
Preparation before endoscopic transnasal surgery
Before surgery, the doctor will perform a thorough physical examination, such as MRI or CT Scan, to assess the size and location of the tumor, as well as check hormone levels in the blood. Patients must fast according to instructions and may need to temporarily stop certain medications.
Postoperative care after endoscopic transnasal surgery
After surgery, there may be nasal congestion or mild pain in the nose area. The doctor will monitor recovery and check hormone levels to ensure the tumor has been completely removed. Most patients can return to their normal daily activities within a few weeks.
Endoscopic transnasal surgery for pituitary tumor treatment is a modern and safe option but requires the expertise of a specialized surgeon. Therefore, patients should consult with a specialist to ensure effective treatment and reduce risks.
