Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an infection of the reproductive organs transmitted through sexual contact. Although HPV infection often shows no abnormal symptoms and can resolve on its own, some infected individuals may develop chronic inflammation, leading to cancers of the reproductive organs and anus, such as cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and anal cancer. Additionally, certain strains of HPV can cause genital warts.
Cervical Cancer… A Common Disease Among Thai Women
Cervical cancer is a common cancer among Thai women. Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV infection. Some strains also cause genital warts. The strains most commonly associated with cervical cancer are types 16 and 18, while types 6 and 11 frequently cause genital warts. However, there are more than just these four HPV strains. Therefore, the HPV vaccine is part of the prevention strategy against cervical cancer.
HPV Vaccines Available Today
- 9-valent vaccine (brand name Gardasil) covers infection by types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, which cause cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, anal cancer, oral and throat cancers, as well as genital warts. It is administered intramuscularly in 3 doses at 0, 2, and 6 months.
- 4-valent vaccine (brand name Gardasil) covers infection by types 6, 11, 16, and 18, which cause cancers and warts in the genital and anal areas. It is administered intramuscularly in 3 doses at 0, 2, and 6 months.
- 2-valent vaccine (brand name Cervarix) covers infection by types 16 and 18, which cause cancers in the genital area. It is administered intramuscularly in 3 doses at 0, 1, and 6 months.
Who “Should” Receive the HPV Vaccine
- Vaccination is recommended for females aged 9-26 years. For women over 26, vaccination should be considered on a case-by-case basis. The vaccine is most effective if given before infection or sexual activity. However, those who have already been sexually active can still receive the vaccine, though its effectiveness may be reduced compared to those who have never had sexual intercourse.
- For healthy adolescents who receive the first dose before age 15, only 2 doses are needed at 0 and 6-12 months.
Who “Should Avoid” Receiving the HPV Vaccine
- Those who have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous HPV vaccine dose or to any component of the vaccine.
- Pregnant women.
- If experiencing fever or acute illness, vaccination should be postponed until recovery.
- Those with mild colds without fever can still receive the vaccine.
Possible Side Effects After Receiving the HPV Vaccine
- Severe allergic reactions may occur, but these are very rare. Most people who receive the HPV vaccine experience no problems.
- Common reactions after vaccination include fever, headache, body aches, itching, pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site. These symptoms can be relieved with cold compresses and usually resolve within 1-2 days.
- If any other unusual symptoms occur, consult a doctor.
Note:
- The 9-valent HPV vaccine can be given to breastfeeding women.
- Vaccination reduces the risk of cervical cancer. However, since the vaccine does not protect against all cancer-causing or wart-causing HPV strains, vaccinated individuals should continue regular cervical cancer screenings and avoid risk factors for HPV infection by having a single sexual partner and using condoms during sexual activity.
- Some countries allow the 4-valent HPV vaccine to be given to males to prevent genital and anal warts.
- Those allergic to yeast, a component of the 4-valent vaccine, can use the 2-valent vaccine instead.
- If you have any questions, consult a doctor.
