การดูแลทารกแรกเกิดในภาวะวิกฤติ

<h2 style="color: #008080;"><span style="color: #00826a;">Maternal Abnormalities</span></h2>
<p>Newborns may have abnormalities if the mother has the following risk factors:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mother younger than 16 years old</li>
<li>Mother older than 35 years old</li>
<li>Placental abruption or placenta previa causing bleeding. Whenever the mother bleeds, oxygen cannot be delivered to the baby, which can be dangerous.</li>
<li>Mother with diabetes causing impaired growth</li>
<li>Twin pregnancy</li>
<li>Preeclampsia</li>
<li>Excessive or insufficient amniotic fluid, which may cause premature rupture of the amniotic sac</li>
<li>Poor self-care or concerns about food intake</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #008080;"><span style="color: #00826a;">Neonatal Abnormalities</span></h2>
<p>Critical conditions or abnormalities in newborns that require medical care include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Preterm birth, gestational age less than 37 weeks</li>
<li>Newborn weight less than 2,500 grams or more than 4,000 grams</li>
<li>Newborns with heart defects</li>
<li>Newborns diagnosed with abnormalities such as oxygen deprivation or chromosomal abnormalities</li>
<li>Newborns with genetic diseases</li>
<li>Abnormal fetal positions such as breech or transverse lie</li>
<li>Birth-related abnormalities</li>
<li>Congenital disabilities</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #008080;"><span style="color: #00826a;">Special Care for Critical Newborns</span></h2>
<p>Newborns with abnormalities require special care in various aspects as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Resuscitation and oxygen administration: This care is provided after birth. Most newborns can breathe on their own, but only about 1% cannot and require resuscitation using respiratory support equipment to help them breathe.</li>
<li>Temperature regulation: Using an incubator to maintain the newborn’s body temperature within the recommended range of 36.5-37.5 degrees Celsius. If a newborn is cold after birth, it may cause high pulmonary pressure and rapid breathing problems.</li>
<li>Infection control: Infections can occur even before birth, such as if the mother’s water breaks more than 18 hours before delivery, vaginal yeast infection, or urinary tract infection.</li>
<li>Providing fluids, nutrients, and appropriate nutrition: Emphasis is placed on breastfeeding as much as possible. However, if the newborn is ill, such as having low blood sugar, blood sugar levels may need to be monitored regularly. In cases of preterm birth or rapid breathing where the baby cannot feed by mouth, nutrition and fluids may need to be given via a feeding tube and intravenous fluids.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"></li>
</ul>
<p>Critical conditions in newborns can be prevented or monitored through quality prenatal care from the beginning of pregnancy. Mothers who receive blood tests and amniotic fluid tests can better plan for delivery and treatment if complications arise during pregnancy.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #00826a;"><strong>Dr. Urarom Panthumaphol</strong></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">Neonatology and Perinatology Specialist</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">Child and Adolescent Health Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital</div>


For new mothers, preparing to take care of their baby is very important. According to data from the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Thailand has up to 700,000 newborns per year, with about 1 premature baby.

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