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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a condition where there is a hole in the wall between the right and left atria of the heart, causing abnormal blood flow between the chambers. This results in the heart working harder than normal and may lead to long-term complications such as heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. 
 
This condition is a type of congenital heart disease present from birth, and if not properly diagnosed or treated, it may affect future health. 
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<h2>Causes of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) </h2>
The main cause of ASD is abnormal heart development during pregnancy. Risk factors include 
<ul>
<li>Genetics, commonly found in families with the condition or inherited within families </li>
<li>Certain infections during pregnancy </li>
<li>Exposure to toxins such as alcohol or certain medications during pregnancy </li>
</ul>
 
<h2>Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) </h2>
Patients with a small ASD may not show symptoms in childhood and are often found incidentally during routine physical exams. However, if the hole is large, common symptoms include 
<ul>
<li>Abnormal heart sounds detected by a cardiologist or through an echocardiogram </li>
<li>Easily fatigued during physical activity </li>
<li>Palpitations or irregular heartbeat </li>
<li>Frequent respiratory infections </li>
<li>Weakness and fatigue </li>
<li>Swelling in the legs or abdomen (in cases of heart failure) </li>
<li>Visiting a doctor with symptoms such as migraine headaches or paralysis </li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>Diagnosis of ASD </h2>
Diagnosis of atrial septal defect begins with a physical examination and additional tests such as 
<ul>
<li>Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check the heart&#8217;s rhythm </li>
<li>Echocardiogram to visualize the hole and heart function </li>
<li>MRI or CT Scan in some cases to provide more detailed information about the heart and blood vessel structures and to check for additional abnormalities </li>
<li>Cardiac Catheterization used in complex cases </li>
</ul>
 
<h2>Treatment of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) </h2>
Treatment depends on the size of the hole and the patient&#8217;s symptoms 
<ul>
<li>Symptom monitoring if the hole is small and asymptomatic, with special surveillance measures as recommended by the doctor on a case-by-case basis </li>
<li>Catheter-based closure using a special device to close the hole via catheterization </li>
<li>Open-heart surgery for large holes or cases where catheter closure is not possible </li>
</ul>
Early treatment of arrhythmias, heart enlargement, pulmonary edema, and paralysis can help prevent severe complications in the future. 
 
<h2>Complications if ASD is Untreated </h2>
If ASD is not treated, complications may include 
<ul>
<li>Heart failure </li>
<li>Pulmonary hypertension and heart enlargement </li>
<li>Atrial fibrillation </li>
<li>Risk of blood clots traveling to the brain (stroke) </li>
</ul>
 
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a condition that requires proper diagnosis and treatment. If detected early, the chances of successful treatment and living a normal life are very high. Therefore, if you experience abnormal symptoms such as easy fatigue, shortness of breath, or palpitations, you should see a doctor for diagnosis promptly.   
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We should not wait until severe complications occur. Nowadays, accurate diagnostic technology is available to help plan your health care effectively.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that may not cause symptoms in childhood, but if left untreated, can lead to heart failure or other complications. Early detection and treatment can improve the quality of life for patients.

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