Common Gynecological Diseases such as uterine fibroids often occur in women of reproductive age, between 30-50 years old. Statistics show that out of 10 women, 2 will have uterine fibroids, and it can also occur in pregnant women. Therefore, knowing how to manage and properly care for pregnancy can help expectant mothers feel more at ease and less worried.
How uterine fibroids affect each trimester of pregnancy
- First trimester, 10-12 weeks The fetus grows slowly and is not firmly implanted, increasing the risk of miscarriage and causing vaginal bleeding in the mother.
- Second trimester, 12-28 weeks This is the period when the fetus requires nutrition. Fibroids reduce blood flow to the fetus, resulting in suboptimal fetal growth.
- Third trimester, 28-40 weeks As the baby grows, the uterine fibroids also enlarge, which may compress the fetus, limiting its movement and causing the uterus to not expand fully. This can lead to preterm labor. After delivery, the uterus contracts to return to normal and stop bleeding, but fibroids can interfere with uterine contractions, increasing the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
Since uterine fibroids affect pregnancy in every trimester, obstetricians recommend that women see a doctor for a physical examination and ultrasound to check for fibroids before becoming pregnant. If fibroids are found, treatment may be necessary. For example, if fibroids are larger than 5 cm, surgery is recommended before pregnancy. Small fibroids without symptoms may be monitored, and pregnancy can proceed with fibroids present.
Self-care in each trimester when uterine fibroids are found during pregnancy
- First trimester There is a higher risk of miscarriage, so mothers should be extra cautious, such as reducing walking, avoiding outdoor activities that require frequent walking, abstaining from sexual intercourse, not lifting heavy objects, avoiding abdominal strain, and wearing low-heeled shoes.
- Second trimester Fibroids require nutrition just like the fetus, so mothers should eat a balanced diet with all five food groups to ensure adequate nutrition for the fetus.
Mothers should regularly visit their prenatal doctor to monitor the health of the fetus and the size of the fibroids.
If you experience these abnormal symptoms… pregnant mothers should see a doctor immediately
If you notice vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, or abdominal hardness, especially when the uterus expands causing severe pain, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. After delivery, if there is no postpartum hemorrhage, mothers can care for themselves normally. The doctor will schedule a physical examination and ultrasound about 6 months postpartum to check the size of the fibroids and plan further treatment.
Dr. Tharinee Lamluk
Specialist in Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Women’s Health Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital
