Changes:
- Missed period: One of the first signs of pregnancy.
- Morning sickness: Caused by a rapid increase in hormone levels early in pregnancy, leading to nausea and vomiting.
- Breast changes: Breasts may enlarge, feel tender, and become swollen.
- Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired and needing more rest.
- Weight changes: For those without morning sickness, weight may remain stable or increase by 1-3 kg.
Recommendations:
Diet:
- Continue eating normally, similar to before pregnancy, as much as possible. For those experiencing nausea and vomiting, consume light, easily digestible foods and beverages like sweet drinks. Eat small amounts frequently throughout the day (4-6 meals). Avoid stressing about specific quantities and focus on ensuring adequate nutrition.
Prenatal care:
- Prenatal visits are crucial to ensure both mother and baby receive proper care throughout the 9 months. Your doctor will provide guidance on pregnancy management, diagnose potential issues, and help prevent and manage complications. Initial appointments are typically scheduled every 4 weeks, increasing to every 2 weeks in the second trimester, and then weekly as the pregnancy progresses.
Vaccinations:
- Pregnant women who have not previously received a tetanus vaccine should receive two doses, spaced at least one month apart, during the first and second trimesters. Other vaccines are generally not administered during pregnancy unless necessary, and should be evaluated by a physician.
Sexual activity:
- Sexual activity is generally safe during pregnancy. However, it should be avoided in the first trimester if there is a history of recurrent miscarriages or bleeding during pregnancy. For those with a history of preterm birth, sexual activity should be avoided in the final trimester.
When to see a doctor:
- Severe morning sickness: If nausea and vomiting are so severe that you cannot eat.
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Whether accompanied by abdominal pain or not. Common causes of bleeding at this stage include threatened miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
- Severe abdominal pain: In early pregnancy, severe pain could indicate a threatened miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
- Urinary tract infection: Symptoms include burning pain during urination, frequent urge to urinate, blood in urine, and discomfort. Prompt medical consultation is essential to avoid risks to the mother and baby.