Everyday movements—raising a glass of water, walking across the room, or even smiling—are the result of complex communication between the brain and nervous system. But what happens when this intricate system begins to falter?
Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that affects the body’s movement, making even simple daily activities a challenge. While there is currently no cure, medical advances now offer ways to manage symptoms effectively and help patients live a better quality of life. This article takes a closer look at Parkinson’s disease—its causes, symptoms, and the latest treatment options—so patients and their families can better understand and prepare to manage the condition.
What Causes Parkinson’s Disease and Who’s at Risk?
Parkinson’s is a central nervous system disorder caused by the gradual degeneration of nerve cells in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra, which produces dopamine, a key neurotransmitter for motor control. As dopamine levels decrease, movement becomes impaired, affecting everyday activities.
The disease is most common in older adults, with increasing age being a key risk factor. However, early-onset Parkinson’s disease—diagnosed in younger individuals—is also becoming more common, making it crucial for people of all ages to understand the condition.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
Early symptoms of Parkinson’s can appear in different ways and may be observed by the patient or those close to them. Common symptoms include:
- Tremors: Shaking or trembling, often starting in the fingers or hands when resting
- Slowness of movement (Bradykinesia): Difficulty with walking, standing, or even getting out of a chair
- Muscle stiffness (Rigidity): Causes discomfort and limits mobility
- Postural instability: Poor balance and increased risk of falling
Other symptoms may include:
- Speech difficulties (Dysarthria)
- Swallowing problems (Dysphagia)
- Depression or mood changes
- Sleep disorders
- Cognitive decline in later stages (Parkinson’s-related dementia)
Modern Treatments for Parkinson’s Disease
The goal of Parkinson’s treatment is to control symptoms and slow disease progression. Treatment options include:
1. Medication
- Oral medication is the primary treatment method, usually in tablet form
- Skin patches are useful for patients with difficulty swallowing
- Injectable medication can be used during “off” periods when other medications are not effective, though the effects are shorter-lasting
2. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Surgery
DBS is an innovative and increasingly popular treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson’s or those unresponsive to medication. This involves surgically implanting electrodes into targeted areas of the brain such as the Subthalamic Nucleus or Globus Pallidus Interna.
DBS helps reduce symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, and slow movement. It can also reduce the amount of medication needed—helping minimize long-term side effects.
However, DBS is not suitable for everyone. Proper patient selection and close monitoring are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize unexpected side effects.
Your Parkinson’s Care Partner – Phyathai 1 Hospital
At the Brain and Nervous System Center, Phyathai 1 Hospital, we are committed to supporting Parkinson’s patients at every step of their journey. Our team of experienced neurologists and specialists provides:
- Advanced diagnostics using the latest technology
- Personalized treatment plans
- Close follow-up care
- Access to cutting-edge options, including medication and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery
