‘Cervical cancer’ is the 5th most common cancer found in Thai women and causes the death of 7-13 Thai women daily. However, it is also a cancer that can be “prevented” and “treated in time” if detected early, especially by examination with a special magnifying device called Colposcopy, which provides high accuracy and can detect abnormalities deeper than the Pap smear test.
What is a Colposcopy?
Colposcopy is a special examination using a high-magnification camera (Colposcope), which resembles a microscope combined with a light source to help doctors see the surface of the cervical mucosa, vagina, and vulva in detail, especially areas where cells may begin to show abnormalities that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Doctors may apply certain chemicals such as acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine to the area being examined to help highlight lesions more clearly. If abnormalities are found, such as whitening or failure to stain, the doctor may perform a biopsy in that area to examine the cells for cancer risk in the next step.
When should we have a Colposcopy?
Women who are at risk or have abnormal screening results should undergo Colposcopy, including:
- Abnormal Pap smear or ThinPrep results (ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, AGC)
- Detection of high-risk HPV infection (especially types 16, 18)
- Symptoms such as bleeding after intercourse, chronic vaginal discharge, or unusual pelvic pain
- Follow-up after treatment for CIN or precancerous lesions
According to WHO data, more than 95% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV infection, which can be effectively diagnosed using Colposcopy before the cells develop into full cancer.
Colposcopy procedure at Phyathai Hospital
- Preparation before the examination
- Abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 24–48 hours
- Avoid using vaginal suppositories, gels, or douching
- Postpone the examination if menstruating or pregnant (unless necessary)
- Avoid using tampon
- No need to fast or avoid drinking
- Prepare a spare sanitary pad as the examination may cause slight bleeding or discharge
- Actual examination in the specialized procedure room
- The patient changes clothes and lies in the examination position
- The doctor uses a speculum to open the vagina and examines the cervical mucosa with the Colposcope, applying examination solutions such as 3-5% acetic acid to highlight white lesions (acetowhite lesions)
- If abnormal lesions are found, the doctor will perform a biopsy for pathological examination
- Post-examination care
- There may be slight bleeding or a feeling of pelvic tightness
- It is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse and tampon use for 1–2 weeks
- If there are abnormal symptoms such as heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or fever, see a doctor immediately
Does Colposcopy hurt?
Colposcopy is a ‘painless’ procedure if no biopsy is taken. However, if a tissue sample is needed, there may be a slight stinging or pulling sensation, and painkillers can be taken before the examination.
Information from ACOG (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) confirms that Colposcopy is a very safe procedure with a very low risk of complications (<1%).
What do the results mean?
- Biopsy results from the laboratory take about 7–14 days
- The doctor will schedule an appointment to inform the results and provide treatment plan consultation
- If CIN1 (mild abnormality) is found, the doctor may recommend follow-up
- If CIN2 or CIN3 is found, treatment such as cryotherapy, electrocautery, or LEEP may be recommended
- If cancer cells are found, the doctor will assess the stage and refer to a gynecologic oncology specialist for further treatment planning
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can the test be done during menstruation?
A: Not recommended because blood may obscure lesions, making diagnosis inaccurate.
Q: Can it be done during pregnancy?
A: It can be done in some cases, but generally biopsy is avoided to reduce risk.
Q: How often should Colposcopy be done?
A: It depends on the doctor’s discretion. If no abnormalities are found, repeat testing may not be needed for several years.
Thorough examination, clear vision at Phyathai
In summary, Colposcopy is a powerful medical tool for accurately diagnosing cervical abnormalities, especially in precancerous or early cancer stages, which can be completely cured if detected early.
At ‘Phyathai Hospital,’ we are ready to care for you with modern technology, attentive service, and a specialized gynecologic medical team, giving you confidence at every step of the examination.
📍 If you are at risk or have had abnormal Pap smear and HPV test results,
you can consult a doctor to receive Colposcopy services at all Phyathai Hospital branches.
📞 Appointment / More information
Tel. 1772 or add Line @phyathaihospital
