Pterygium is a common eye disease in the elderly, making it an important condition that requires attention. If suspected, promptly seek examination and treatment. Do not leave it untreated as it can progress, ultimately worsening vision, which can cause problems in daily life.
What is Pterygium (Pinguecula)?
Pterygium is caused by degeneration of the conjunctiva. The pterygium appears as a small, raised, white or yellowish lump on the conjunctiva, usually found more on the nasal side than the temporal side. If not properly protected, it may grow larger and form a tissue sheet extending onto the cornea. At this stage, the condition is called “pterygium”.
Causes and Risk Factors of Pterygium
The causes and risk factors of pterygium are the same as those of pinguecula. It is caused by ultraviolet light that degenerates the conjunctiva with age. It often occurs in people who work outdoors exposed to wind, sun, and dust, or those working in industries involving metal welding. Pterygium and pinguecula are more common in countries located near the equator because the sunlight is hotter and ultraviolet radiation is higher than in other parts of the world.
Symptoms of Pterygium
- Initially, most cases have no symptoms but show abnormalities of the conjunctiva as described above.
- If the pterygium becomes inflamed, symptoms include eye irritation, burning sensation, tearing, and redness at the site of the pterygium due to inflammation and dilation of blood vessels supplying the area.
Treatment and Prevention of Pterygium
- Wear sunglasses and wind protection when outdoors.
- An ophthalmologist may consider using eye drops to relieve inflammation of the pterygium.
- Pterygium does not necessarily require surgery as it is small and does not affect vision.
Although pterygium is not dangerous and can be easily treated, if left untreated, it may grow onto the cornea and become a pterygium. Therefore, prompt treatment and prevention of progression according to the ophthalmologist’s advice are recommended.
