Frequent dizziness, spinning sensation, unsteady walking are symptoms indicating abnormalities related to balance and movement. Dr. Dolchit Taweechotphat, an otorhinolaryngology specialist at Phyathai 2 Hospital explained that… human balance results from the coordinated function of three important organs: the eyes, the sensory nervous system, and the inner ear, with the brain acting as the command center controlling and regulating these functions to maintain equilibrium. All parts work in harmony, but if this maintained balance becomes unstable, it will cause “dizziness.” Besides lowering quality of life, it also increases the risk of accidents for patients.
“Dizziness” is divided into 2 groups based on symptom characteristics
- The group with lightheadedness symptoms means “feeling dizzy only” without a spinning sensation, but feeling slightly confused, light, floating, and prone to fainting or blackout. The cause is insufficient blood pressure and blood volume supplying the brain. It is found in the elderly or those with underlying conditions affecting the circulatory system, such as heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes. These symptoms worsen if left untreated.
- The group with movement illusion symptoms means “feeling that everything around is spinning while the body remains still,” similar to being drunk, causing loss of balance, difficulty walking, and accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The cause is abnormalities in the inner ear responsible for controlling balance and equilibrium in the body, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), unequal inner ear fluid pressure, or deep inner ear infections. Doctors call this group’s symptoms “vertigo” (Vertigo)
Vertigo… loss of balance often caused by these factors
- Balance loss in the peripheral vestibular system of the inner ear such as middle ear infection, otitis media, ear infections, inflammation of the ear, trauma to the vestibular organs in the inner ear, or exposure to toxins or harmful drugs.
- Balance loss in the central nervous system and brain such as vestibular nerve tumors spreading to the brain, ischemia in the brainstem balance center, or brainstem injury caused by head trauma.
- Displaced or detached ear crystals BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo) caused by displacement of crystals in the inner ear from their normal position.
- Side effects from medication Some drugs, such as antihypertensives or drugs affecting the nervous system, may cause dizziness.
- Other external factors and physical conditions Stress and fatigue, physical and mental exhaustion may cause dizziness. Dehydration or low blood sugar affects brain and nervous system function.
Common vertigo symptoms
Usually have easily observable characteristics and symptoms as follows:
- Spinning sensation Feeling that everything around is spinning, whether sitting or standing, like the house is spinning.
- Unsteady walking Feeling unstable when walking, staggering, or swaying.
- Nausea and vomiting Vertigo often causes nausea, queasiness, and some may vomit.
- Ear fullness or tinnitus Sometimes accompanied by hearing loud noises or feeling ear fullness along with vertigo.
- Lightheadedness, dizziness Besides the spinning sensation, there may also be feelings of lightheadedness or faintness.
When to see a doctor
Although dizziness or vertigo sometimes resolves on its own, if you experience frequent or worsening symptoms accompanied by severe headache, walking difficulties, abnormal vision, or cannot control symptoms with rest or lifestyle changes, you should promptly consult a doctor for diagnosis and proper treatment.
How to take care of yourself when experiencing vertigo
Proper self-care during vertigo can help reduce symptoms and prevent possible injuries. Here are guidelines for self-care when experiencing vertigo:
- Rest, sit or lie down When vertigo occurs, stop activities that may cause sudden movements, and find a safe place to sit or rest to reduce the risk of falling and injury.
- Avoid driving or activities requiring high balance If vertigo occurs, avoid driving or operating machinery that may be dangerous.
- Drink water and maintain balanced blood sugar levels Dehydration or low blood sugar may worsen symptoms. Drink enough water and eat nutritious food.
- Use breathing control techniques Deep, slow breathing may help reduce anxiety and alleviate vertigo symptoms.
- Adjust the environment Being in bright or noisy places may worsen symptoms. Find a quiet and relaxing location.
- Follow medical advice If vertigo occurs frequently or severely, consult a doctor to find the true cause and receive appropriate treatment, such as physical therapy or medication as prescribed.
- Be cautious with movements When movement is necessary, do so slowly and carefully to prevent falls.
Dizziness and vertigo may seem harmless at times, but if frequent or severe, they should be taken seriously as they may signal complex health problems. Taking care of both physical and mental health, getting enough rest, and consulting a doctor are important ways to manage and prevent these issues from affecting your quality of life. Early attention to these symptoms helps us handle problems correctly and safely for long-term health.
Dr. Dolchit Taweechotphat
Otorhinolaryngology Specialist
Head and Neck Surgery Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital
