The eye is an organ with a complex structure. At the back of the eye, there is an important area called the macula, which is the part of the retina that allows us to see the sharpest in the center of our vision.
Macular Dysfunction from Diabetes
There are several diseases that cause macular dysfunction, such as Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), which is a complication in diabetic patients who cannot control their blood sugar levels well. Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are complications that affect the small blood vessels in the eye, causing leakage of blood vessels and fluids from the retina. There may also be the growth of fragile new blood vessels that leak under the macula on the retina, leading to damage to the central point of vision.
Symptoms of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Patients may experience blurred vision, see dark spots in the center of their vision, have impaired color perception, and abnormal vision that can affect daily activities such as reading, shopping, and driving.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
The main risk factors for diabetic macular edema (Risk Factors of DME) include both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the duration of diabetes, and the age at which diabetes begins. Besides diabetes, other risk factors that can cause macular edema include:
- Poor blood sugar control
- High blood pressure
- High blood lipids
- Protein leakage in urine
- Other factors such as smoking
Treatment Options for Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Treatment for diabetic macular edema depends on the severity of the disease and the ophthalmologist’s judgment. Treatment methods include:
- Laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels
- Injections into the vitreous (ANTI VEGF), including ANTI VEGF drugs or corticosteroid drugs
- Surgery, which is usually used when the disease does not respond to the first two treatments
Diabetic patients can take care of themselves to prevent and reduce the risk of diabetic macular edema easily. Once diagnosed with diabetes, they should have an eye exam immediately, especially if there are problems with diabetic retinopathy. Regular eye check-ups as scheduled by the doctor are important. Additionally, blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels should be controlled within normal ranges to help slow down and reduce the severity of the disease. Patients should also exercise regularly and avoid smoking.
