“Cancer in women” is one of the silent threats commonly found in Thai women, especially cancers occurring in the reproductive organs, including cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Although these are dangerous diseases, the important thing is “early detection” and “effective treatment if seen by a doctor early.”
These 3 major groups of women’s cancers have different disease behaviors and care approaches, but the key common point is “the earlier the detection, the better the treatment outcome,” especially cervical cancer, which has very effective screening methods and vaccines widely available for the female population.
Cervical Cancer (Cervical Cancer) is mainly caused by infection with the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) virus, especially types 16 and 18, which are transmitted through sexual contact. Risk factors include early sexual activity, having multiple sexual partners or a partner with risky behavior, never having cervical cancer screening, smoking, or having a compromised immune system.
Warning Symptoms
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Abnormal vaginal discharge with odor or blood
- Chronic lower abdominal pain
Screening
- Pap smear test (Pap Smear)
- HPV DNA Test
Prevention
- Get the HPV vaccine from ages 9–45 years old
- Have regular pelvic exams and cervical cancer screening every year
- Practice safe sex and use condoms every time to reduce the risk of HPV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases
Preparation Before Cervical Screening (Pap / HPV)
- Avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal douching, or using vaginal suppositories 24–48 hours before the test
- Schedule the test avoiding menstruation periods It is recommended to have the test 3–5 days after menstruation ends
- Inform the doctor if you have had abnormal test results, are pregnant, or have any abnormal symptoms
Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer) is caused by abnormal thickening of the uterine lining leading to cell mutations. Risk factors include postmenopausal women, obesity or high estrogen levels, never having been pregnant, or a family history of endometrial cancer.
Warning Symptoms
- Vaginal bleeding after menopause
- Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Lower abdominal pain or vaginal discharge mixed with blood
Diagnosis
- Transvaginal ultrasound
- Endometrial tissue biopsy
Prevention
- Maintain a normal weight
- See a doctor if abnormal bleeding occurs
- Have regular pelvic exams
Ovarian Cancer (Ovarian Cancer) The exact cause is unknown but is associated with genetics and sex hormones. Risk factors include a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, never having been pregnant, ovarian dysfunction, and women aged 40 years and older.
Warning Symptoms (often unclear in early stages)
- Bloating, abdominal fullness, lower abdominal pain
- Frequent urination or early satiety
- Unexplained weight loss
Screening
- Abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound
- Blood test for CA-125 to assess risk
Prevention
- Annual women’s health check-up
- Observe any abnormal body symptoms
- Consult a doctor if there is a family history of this cancer
Checklist “Reduce Women’s Cancer Risk” That Can Be Done Starting Today
- Get the HPV vaccine according to age and doctor’s recommendations
- At ages 9–14 years, receive 2 doses of the vaccine
- At age 15 years or older, it is recommended to receive 3 doses of the vaccine
- Immunocompromised individuals are recommended to receive 3 doses of the vaccine
- Screen for cervical cancer according to age groups and do not miss appointments
- At ages 25–29 years, have a Pap Smear every 1-2 years
- At age 30 years and older, have an HPV DNA Test or Co-test (Pap + HPV) every 3–5 years
- Control weight, diabetes, and blood pressure, and exercise regularly
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
- Use hormones under medical supervision
- See a doctor immediately if there are abnormal symptoms
Early detection can prevent because “delay” is a risk
Most cancers in women can be cured if detected early Annual pelvic exams are therefore very important for women of all ages, especially those aged 30 years and older or with genetic risk factors
See a specialist at the Women’s Health Center, Phyathai Hospital 2
Women’s Health Center, Phyathai Hospital 2 is ready to care for women of all ages with a team of specialized obstetricians and gynecologists, advanced diagnostic technology, and comprehensive women’s cancer screening services
Because… “Women’s health is important” Early detection can prevent for a confident and safe life at every stage of life
Dr. Thanomsiri Satit
Specialist Obstetrician and Gynecologist in Laparoscopic Surgery and Oncology
