Changes:
- Weight gain: Expect an increase of about 1-2 kg per month (totaling approximately 4-5 kg).
- Uterus growth: The uterus expands, and you may begin to feel the baby move between weeks 16-22.
- Skin changes: Darkening of the skin on the face, neck, torso, and underarms; a dark line may appear from the navel down to the pubic area due to increased hormone levels. You might also notice stretch marks on the abdomen from the rapid growth of the uterus.
- Increased vaginal discharge: More discharge than usual due to elevated hormone levels and increased blood flow to the vaginal area.
- Digestive changes: Symptoms such as bloating, gas, and constipation may occur.
- Leg cramps: Common during this stage.
What to do:
- Diet: With morning sickness typically subsiding, you can resume a normal diet. Ensure you consume a balanced diet with all five food groups. Aim for 5-6 meals per day, including a variety of foods, but avoid excessive intake of starch, sugar, and fat. The focus should be on increasing protein intake.
- Emphasize fruits, vegetables, and fiber-rich foods: To prevent constipation, drink 6-8 glasses of water daily.
- Iron and calcium: Iron, found in egg yolks, liver, and leafy greens, is essential for producing sufficient red blood cells to carry oxygen from mother to baby. Calcium, found primarily in dairy products, helps in the development of the baby’s bones and teeth.
- Exercise: Regular exercise benefits pregnant women by keeping the body strong, improving digestion, and promoting better sleep. Engage in moderate activities like walking for 10-20 minutes daily or swimming. Exercise should be in line with your pre-pregnancy routine if you were already active.
- Sleeping position: To alleviate back pain, sleep on your side (left or right) or alternate positions. Using a pillow to support your legs can help reduce swelling from daily activities.
- Breast examination: Prepare for breastfeeding by checking your nipples. Flat or inverted nipples can make breastfeeding difficult. To test, use your thumb and forefinger to press around the base of the nipple. If the nipple is too short or inverted, it will retract between your fingers, making it harder for the baby to latch on.
Important symptoms to consult a doctor:
- Vaginal bleeding: This could indicate a condition like a low-lying placenta.
- Intermittent abdominal pain: Could be a sign of preterm labor or a urinary tract infection, especially if accompanied by frequent or painful urination.
- Abnormal vaginal discharge: Changes in color, itching, or an unusual odor warrant medical attention.
