What is Herpangina ?
Herpangina is a viral infection caused by the same group of viruses responsible for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), specifically the enterovirus group. Unlike HFMD, which can cause rashes on the hands, feet, and mouth, herpangina typically results in sores that appear only in the mouth. These sores usually develop on the soft palate, uvula, tonsils, and the back of the throat. The condition is contagious and spreads through nasal secretions, coughs, or sneezes. Common symptoms include a high fever (around 39.5-40°C) and painful sores in the mouth.
How is Herpangina transmitted ?
The virus spreads through contact with contaminated saliva, nasal mucus, or feces of an infected person. Children under 10 are more susceptible to herpangina, particularly those in environments like daycare centers where they interact closely with others. The virus thrives in cool, humid environments, making outbreaks more common during the rainy season, though it can occur year-round.
How dangerous is Herpangina ?
Generally, herpangina is not considered a severe illness, with the primary symptom being a high fever. However, complications can arise, such as inflammation of the brainstem, muscle weakness, or myocarditis, which could be life-threatening. Fortunately, these complications are rare.
Herpangina vs. Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease (HFMD)
Although both herpangina and HFMD are caused by similar viruses, their symptoms differ. HFMD presents with fever, rashes, and blisters in the mouth, on the palms, and on the soles of the feet. In contrast, herpangina does not cause rashes on the hands or feet and is primarily identified by the painful mouth sores.
Treatment
Herpangina is a self-limiting disease, meaning it typically resolves on its own. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. This includes fever reduction through antipyretics, pain relief from mouth sores, and maintaining hydration. If a child struggles to eat or drink due to pain, offering soft, cold foods like ice cream or cold milk can help. Monitoring for dehydration (signs include dry mouth and decreased urination) is crucial, and medical attention should be sought if these symptoms occur.
Caring for a child with Herpangina
Children with herpangina should be encouraged to eat soft, easy-to-swallow foods if mouth pain is significant. Cold foods or beverages can help soothe the mouth sores. Since there is no specific antiviral treatment for herpangina, care focuses on symptom relief. Parents should be alert for signs of complications like difficulty breathing, limb weakness, or seizures, and seek medical attention if these occur.
Prevention
Preventive measures include isolating infected individuals, avoiding crowded places, and maintaining good personal hygiene, such as washing hands with soap and water before meals and after using the bathroom. If a child is unwell, they should stay home from school to prevent spreading the infection to others.
