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When a patient is diagnosed with moderate coronary artery narrowing, doctors often recommend coronary angioplasty using a balloon or stent placement. This procedure can be performed immediately after a coronary angiogram (dye test) or scheduled at a later date depending on the patient’s condition.
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<h2>When Is Coronary Angioplasty Recommended?</h2>
Angioplasty may be necessary if the patient experiences symptoms such as:
<ul>
<li>Severe chest pain or pressure, often described as a heavy weight on the chest 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shortness of breath, sweating, fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, or fainting 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pain or numbness radiating to the arms, shoulders, or jaw 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Risk factors for heart disease, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, or a family history of heart disease 
</li>
</ul>
Abnormal findings from heart screening tests such as ECG, echocardiogram, or stress test 

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<h2>How Balloon Angioplasty Works</h2>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A balloon catheter is inserted through a blood vessel and guided to the narrowed part of the coronary artery. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The balloon is then inflated, pressing the plaque (fatty buildup) against the artery wall to widen the passage. 
</li>
<li aria-level="1">After widening the artery, the balloon is deflated and removed, allowing better blood flow to the heart muscle.</li>
</ol>
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<h2>Stent Placement: Keeping the Artery Open</h2>
In many cases, doctors will place a stent—a tiny metal mesh tube—to help keep the artery open after balloon angioplasty.
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The stent is mounted on a balloon catheter and delivered to the narrowed artery. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">When the balloon is inflated, the stent expands and presses against the artery wall. 
</li>
<li aria-level="1">After balloon deflation and removal, the stent stays in place permanently to ensure the artery remains open.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Advanced Technique: Rotablator for Severely Calcified Arteries</h2>
In cases where the artery is heavily narrowed or hardened with calcium, a high-speed rotational atherectomy (Rotablator) may be used.
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The Rotablator device features a diamond-tipped burr that spins at 140,000 to 200,000 revolutions per minute. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">It gently grinds the plaque into tiny particles that can safely pass through the bloodstream and be eliminated by the body. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">This technique can also be done immediately after angiography or scheduled for another session.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Post-Procedure Care</h2>
If the catheter is inserted through the wrist:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A wristband will be applied to stop the bleeding, similar to what is done after an angiogram.</li>
</ul>
If inserted through the groin:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The catheter sheath remains in place until blood-thinning medications wear off. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pressure is applied to the groin for 15–30 minutes to stop bleeding. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A sandbag (0.5–1 kg) may be used to keep pressure on the area and reduce the risk of bleeding. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Avoid bending the leg or standing without permission.</li>
</ul>
Other Important Notes:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Patients can eat and drink after the angiogram or angioplasty. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Patients typically stay in the hospital for 1–2 days and should not drive themselves home after the procedure.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>When to Notify a Nurse or Doctor</h2>
Seek immediate medical attention if you notice:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Warmth, fluid leakage, or sharp pain at the catheter site 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Large or spreading bruising, swelling, or discoloration at the access site 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">General discomfort or any symptoms causing concern</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Home Recovery Instructions</h2>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Keep the wound clean and covered with a plaster until it dries. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">If the dressing gets wet, clean the area with antiseptic. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Continue all prescribed medications until advised otherwise by your doctor. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manage risk factors (blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, etc.). 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Attend all follow-up appointments for monitoring and assessment. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Inform other healthcare providers that you have a coronary stent.</li>
</ul>

When a patient is diagnosed with moderate coronary artery narrowing, doctors often recommend coronary angioplasty using a balloon or stent placement. 

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Coronary Angioplasty and Stent Placement: Effective Treatments for Moderate Coronary Artery Disease

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